| The investigation of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs provides crucial information about the fundamental mechanisms governing their formation, evolution, and planet-forming capabilities. However, detecting these disks is challenging as they exhibit fainter emission and smaller sizes compared to disks around more massive stars, thus requiring more demanding observations. Moreover, the planet formation process in these disks faces various challenges, such as stronger dust radial drift and an apparent lack of material to form planets. In this talk, I will focus on the protoplanetary disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1, where high-resolution ALMA observations have uncovered clear dust substructures. Hydrodynamical and radiative transfer simulations demonstrate that the presence of a massive planet can explain the observed substructures, challenging current planet formation models in this low-mass regime. These results from CIDA 1 showcase the challenges that must be overcome in future observational campaigns studying disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs to assess the presence of substructures and their planet formation capabilities. |
