VISTA (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy)

VISTA ― il telescopio astronomico per survey nell'ottico e vicino infrarosso (o Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy, in inglese) ― fa parte dell'Osservatorio del Paranal dell'ESO. VISTA oepra a lunghezze d'onda del vicino infrarosso ed è il più grande telescopio per survey al mondo. Il grande specchio, l'ampio campo di vista e i rivelatori molto sensibili ci offrono una visione completamente nuova del cielo australe.

Il telescopio è installato sul picco vicino a quello del VLT (Very Large Telescope) dell'ESO e ne condivide le condizioni osservative eccellenti.

VISTA ha uno specchio principale di 4,1 metri di diametro. In termini fotografici può essere pensato come una macchina fotografica digitale di 67 megapixel con una lente da 13 000 mm a f/3.25.

Nel cuore di VISTA c'è un'enorme fotocamera di 3 tonnellate, che contiene 16 speciali rivelatori d'avanguardia sensibili alla luce infrarossa.

Scienza con VISTA

Il tempo osservativo di VISTA è dedicato a una mappatura sistematica del cielo e sei enormi survey pubbliche che occupano la maggior parte del tempo osservativo. Alcune osservano piccole zone di cielo per lunghi periodi per rivelare oggetti molto deboli, mentre altre studiano l'intero cielo australe. Le osservazioni stanno producendo enormi raccolte di nuovi dati che consentiranno nuovi progetti astronomici che vanno dallo studio dei piccoli corpi del Sistema Solare alle indagini cosmiche sulla natura dalla materia oscura e dell'energia oscura. All'interno della nostra Galassia VISTA sta scoprendo molti nuovi oggetti celesti e verificando alcune teorie sulla natura della materia oscura. Con VISTA gli astronomi potranno costruire una mappa tridimensionale di una zona pari a circa il 5% dell'intero Universo osservabile. A distanze maggiori, VISTA è uno strumento molto potente per scoprire quasar remoti e studiare l'evoluzione delle galassie e degli ammassi di galassie. Indaga inoltre la natura dell'energia oscura trovando ammassi di galassie lontani.

VISTA è stato progettato e sviluppato da un consorzio di 18 Università del Regno Unito, con a capo la Queen Mary, University of London e serve come un contributo in natura secondo l'accordo di adesione del Regno Unito all'ESO. La gestione del progetto del telescopio e la costruzione sono state affidate al centro britannico Astronomy Technology Centre (STFC, UK ATC) del Science and Technology Facilities Council.

Il telescopio è stato accettato provvisoriamente dall'ESO il 10 dicembre 2009 e ora viene gestito dall'ESO.

Obiettivi scientifici

Usato per survey. Stelle variabili, survey profonde, nane brune, ecc.

Ulteriori informazioni su VISTA

VISTA

Name: Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy
Site: Cerro Paranal
Altitude: 2518 m
Enclosure: Compact optimised cylindrical enclosure
Type: Near-infrared survey telescope
Optical design: Modified Ritchey-Chrétien Reflector with corrector lenses in camera
Diameter. Primary M1: 4.10 m
Material. Primary M1: ZeroDur
Diameter. Secondary M2: 1.24 m
Material. Secondary M2: Astro-Sitall
Mount: Alt-Azimuth fork mount
First Light date: 11 December 2009
Active Optics: Yes
Images taken with VISTA: Link
Images of VISTA: Link
Videos of VISTA: Link
Press Releases with VISTA: Link
Lo sapevate?
Il cielo sopra i siti dell'ESO in Cile è così buio che in una notte serena e senza luca è possibile vedere la propria ombra prodotta dalla luce della Via Lattea.

VISTA

Nome: Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy
Luogo: Cerro Paranal
Altezza: 2518 m
Cupola: Compact optimised cylindrical enclosure
Tipo: Telescopio per survey nel vicino infrarosso
Disegno ottico: Riflettore Ritchey-Chrétien modificato con lenti di correzione
Diametro del Primario M1: 4,10 m
Materiale del Primario M1: ZeroDur
Diametro. Secondario M2: 1,24 m
Materiale. Secondario M2: Astro-Sitall
Montatura: forcella Alt-Azimuth
Data della prima luce: 11 dicembre 2009
Ottica attiva : Yes
Did you know?
Stars form in dense clouds of the interstellar medium, but even in these densest regions the pressure is comparable to the most tenuous vacuum created in a laboratory on Earth. In these clouds, the temperatures are below -200 degrees Celsius.
Lo sapevate?
I contributi annuali versati dagli stati membri dell'ESO sono equivalenti a meno di 35 centesimi di euro per persona.
Lo sapevate?
L'osservatorio del Paranal è così remoto che tutto dev'essere portato appositamente. I 60 000 litri d'acqua che vengono utilizzati ogni giorno vengono portati con cisterne da Antofagasa.
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