VISTA-teleskooppi (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy)
VISTA (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy) on osa ESO:n Paranalin observatoriota. VISTA toimii lähi-infrapuna-aallonpituuksilla ja on maailman suurin kartoitusteleskooppi. Sen suuri pääpeili, laaja näkökenttä ja hyvin herkkä havaintolaite paljastavat kokonaan uuden kuvan eteläisestä taivaasta.
Teleskooppi sijaitsee ESO:n VLT-teleskoopin (Very Large Telescope) vieressä olevalla harjanteella ja jakaa siten sen poikkeuksellisen hyvät havainto-olosuhteet.
VISTA:n pääpeili on halkaisijaltaan 4.1 metriä. Valokuvaustermein ilmaistuna sitä voidaan pitää 67 megapikselin digitaalikamerana, jolla on 13 000 millimetrin polttoväli ja aukkosuhde f/3.25.
Teleskoopin ytimessä sijaitsee valtava kolme tonnia painava kamera, jossa on 16 huippuluokan infrapunaherkkää ilmaisinta.
Tiedettä VISTA-teleskoopilla
VISTA:n havaintoaika on täysin omistettu taivaan järjestelmälliselle kartoittamiselle ja kuusi valtavaa, julkista kartoitusprojektia vievät suurimman osan teleskoopin ensimmäisten viiden vuoden toiminta-ajasta. Näistä osa tutkii pientä osaa taivaasta pitkiä aikoja havaitakseen äärimmäisen himmeitä kohteita ja muut kartoittavat koko eteläisen taivaan. Havainnoista muodostetaan uusi, laaja tietokanta, joka tukee monen tähtitieteellisen projektin tutkimusta oman aurinkokuntamme pienkappaleiden tutkimuksesta kosmologisiin tutkimuksiin pimeän aineen ja pimeän energian luonteesta. Omasta galaksistamme VISTA on löytänyt useita uusia kohteita ja testaa olettamuksia pimeän aineen luonteesta. VISTA:n havaintoaineistoa käyttämällä tähtitieteilijät voivat muodostaa kartan viidestä prosentista koko havaittavaa maailmankaikkeutta. Kauempana VISTA on tehokas työkalu etäisten kvasaarien ja galaksien sekä galaksijoukkojen evoluution tutkimisessa. Se luotaa pimeän energian luonnetta löytämällä hyvin etäisiä galaksijoukkoja.
VISTA:n ideoi ja kehitti 18 yliopiston konsortio Isossa-Britanniassa. Konsortion johdossa on Queen Mary, University of London. VISTA luovutettiin liittymismaksun luontoissuorituksena Ison-Britannian liittyessä ESO:on. Teleskoopin suunnittelun ja rakentamisen projektihallinnasta vastasi Science and Technology Facilities Council‘s UK Astronomy Technology Centre (STFC, UK ATC).
ESO vastaanotti teleskoopin väliaikaisesti 10/12/2009 ja hallinnoi sitä nykyään.
Tiedetavoitteet
Omistettu kartoituksille. Muuttuvat tähdet, syvät kartoitukset, ruskeat kääpiöt, kaukaiset aurinkokunnan kappaleet (TNO, KBO).
Did you know? Stars form in dense clouds of the interstellar medium, but even in these densest regions the pressure is comparable to the most tenuous vacuum created in a laboratory on Earth. In these clouds, the temperatures are below -200 degrees Celsius.
Did you know? The skies over the ESO sites in Chile are so dark that on a clear moonless night it is possible to see your shadow cast by the light of the Milky Way alone.
Did you know? The annual ESO member state contributions are equivalent to less than 35 euro cents per person.
Did you know? The Paranal observatory site is so remote that everything needed must be brought in specially. The 60 000 litres of water that are used per day are delivered by truck from Antofagasta.
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VISTA:n havaintoaika on täysin omistettu taivaan järjestelmälliselle kartoittamiselle ja kuusi valtavaa, julkista kartoitusprojektia vievät suurimman osan teleskoopin ensimmäisten viiden vuoden toiminta-ajasta. Näistä osa tutkii pientä osaa taivaasta pitkiä aikoja havaitakseen äärimmäisen himmeitä kohteita ja muut kartoittavat koko eteläisen taivaan. Havainnoista muodostetaan uusi, laaja tietokanta, joka tukee monen tähtitieteellisen projektin tutkimusta oman aurinkokuntamme pienkappaleiden tutkimuksesta kosmologisiin tutkimuksiin pimeän aineen ja pimeän energian luonteesta. Omasta galaksistamme VISTA on löytänyt useita uusia kohteita ja testaa olettamuksia pimeän aineen luonteesta. VISTA:n havaintoaineistoa käyttämällä tähtitieteilijät voivat muodostaa kartan viidestä prosentista koko havaittavaa maailmankaikkeutta. Kauempana VISTA on tehokas työkalu etäisten kvasaarien ja galaksien sekä galaksijoukkojen evoluution tutkimisessa. Se luotaa pimeän energian luonnetta löytämällä hyvin etäisiä galaksijoukkoja.