Il VLT (Very Large Telescope)

L'osservatorio astronomico più d'avanguardia al mondo nella banda visibile


INFO: krpano 1.17.4 (build 2014-06-04)
INFO: Desktop/Linux x86_64 - WebGL
INFO: Registered to: ESO European Southern Observatory
ERROR: plugin[right] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[in] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[openfs] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[hotspots] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[dragmode] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[left] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[down] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[movemode] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[closefs] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[up] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
ERROR: plugin[out] loading error: /public/archives/static/pano/latest/boutons/buttons.png
CLOSE
Webcam | 30 Mar 2025 08:00 CEST / 03:00 CLST
Latest Available Image

LIVE panoramic image of Paranal (30 Mar 2025 08:00 CEST / 03:00 CLST)

Il VLT (Very Large Telescope array)si pone come la più importante struttura per l'Astronomia da terra all'inizio del terzo millennio. È lo strumento ottico più avanzato al mondo, composto da quattro telescopi principali (Unit Telescopes: UT), con specchi primari di 8,2 metri di diametro e da quattro telescopi ausiliari mobili (Auxiliary Telescopes: AT) di 1,8 metri di diametro. I telescopi possono essere combinati a formare un interferometro gigante, il Very Large Telescope Interferometer dell'ESO (VLTI), che consente agli astronomi di vedere dettagli fino a 25 volte più fini rispetto a quelli osservabili con i singoli telescopi. Nel VLTI i fasci di luce sono combinati per mezzo di un sistema complesso di specchi in tunnel sotterranei che devono mantenere uguali i percorsi del segnale luminoso a meno di 1/1000 mm lungo un percorso di oltre cento metri. Con questo tipo di precisione il VLTI può ricostruire immagini con una risoluzione angolare del millesimo di arcosecondo, equivalente a distinguere i fari di un'automobile alla distanza della Luna.

I telescopi di 8,2 metri di diametro possono essere usati anche individualmente. Con un telescopio di questa dimensione si possono ottenere immagini di corpi celesti fino a magnitudine 30 con un'esposizione di un'ora. Questo corrisponde a vedere oggetti che sono quattro miliardi di volte meno luminosi di quelli che possono essere visti a occhio nudo.

I quattro grandi telescopi si chiamano Antu, Kueyen, Melipal and Yepun.

LIVE webcam

Webcam | 30 Mar 2025 08:00 CEST / 03:00 CLST
Latest Available Image

MELIPAL (UT3) LIVE(30 Mar 2025 08:00 CEST / 03:00 CLST)

Webcam | 30 Mar 2025 08:00 CEST / 03:00 CLST
Latest Available Image

On extremely clear days the magnificent 6739-metre volcano Llullaillaco is visible in the background of this photograph. It is an amazing 190 kilometres away on the border with Argentina. (30 Mar 2025 08:00 CEST / 03:00 CLST)

Una visita all'Osservatorio del Paranal

Virtual Tour at ESO Very Large Telescope

Cliccate sull'immagine per una Visita Virtuale al VLT.

 

Visite all'Osservatorio del Paranal

Telescopi e strumenti

Il programma di strumentazione del VLT è il programma più ambizioso mai ideato per un singolo osservatorio. Comprende camere ad ampio campo di vista, camere e spettrografi corretti con ottica adattativa, nonchè spettrografi ad alta risoluzione e multi-oggetto. La strumentazione del VLT copre un'ampia regione dello spettro, dall'ultravioletto lontano (300 nm) al medio infrarosso (24 µm).

Gli UT (Unit Telescopes)

I telescopi di 8,2 metri sono contenuti in edifici compatti e controllati termicamente che ruotano in sincronia con i telescopi. Questo design minimizza ogni effetto sfavorevole alle condizioni osservative, per esempio la turbolenza dell'aria nel tubo del telescopio, dovuta alle variazioni di temperatura e al vento.

Il primo degli UT, Antu, ha iniziato le osservazioni scientifiche il primo aprile 1999. Oggi tutti e quattro gli UT e i quattro AT sono operativi.

I Telescopi Ausiliari (AT)

Nonostante i quattro telescopi di 8,2 metri possano essere combinati nel VLTI, sono usati soprattutto individualmente e sono disponibili per osservazioni interferometriche solo per un numero limitato di notti ogni anno. Ma quattro Telescopi Ausiliari (AT) più piccoli, appositamente progettati, sono dedicati proprio a consentire al VLTI di essere in funzione ogni notte.

Scienza con il VLT

Il VLT ha avuto un impatto indiscutibile sull'astronomia osservativa. È il singolo strumento terrestre più produttivo: i risultati ottenuti dal VLT hanno portato alla pubblicazione di più di un articolo scientifico peer-reviewed in media al giorno. Il contributo del VLT è fondamentale nel rendere l'ESO in assoluto il più produttivo osservatorio da terra. Il VLT ha stimolato una nuova epoca di scoperte, con numerose importanti primizie scientifiche, fra cui la prima immagine di un esopianeta (eso0842), la misura delle orbite di alcune singole stelle che ruotano intorno al buco nero supermassiccio al centro della Via Lattea (eso0846) e l'osservazione del bagliore residuo del più lontano lampo di raggi gamma noto.

 

 

Per informazioni più dettagliate si possono consultare:

La Residencia

L’albergo del VLT, la Residencia, ha ricevuto premi internazionali per l’eccezionalità del progretto architettonico, tanto che è servito da sfondo per il film di James Bond Quantum of Solace.

Il Trailer del VLT

Scarica il trailer del VLT dall’archivio video

VLT

Name: Very Large Telescope
Site: Cerro Paranal
Altitude: 2635 m
Enclosure: Compact optimised cylindrical enclosure
Type: Optical/infrared, with interferometry
Optical design: Ritchey-Chrétien reflector
Diameter. Primary M1: 8.20 m
Material. Primary M1: ZeroDur
Diameter. Secondary M2: 0.94 m
Material. Secondary M2: Beryllium
Diameter. Tertiary M3: 1.242 x 0.866 m (elliptical flat)
Mount: Alt-Azimuth mount
First Light date: UT1, Antu: 25 May 1998
UT2, Kueyen: 1 March 1999
UT3, Melipal: 26 Jan 2000
UT4, Yepun: 4 September 2000
Active Optics: Yes
Adaptive Optics: UT4: Laser Guide Star + NACO
Interferometry: UT maximum 130 m baseline
Images taken with the VLT: Link
Images of the VLT: Link
Press Releases with the VLT: Link

 

Did you know?
The movable structure of each VLT Unit Telescopes weighs about the same as a fully loaded jumbo jet. However, it is so perfectly balanced, resting on hydrostatic oil-film bearings, that the giant telescopes can be moved by hand.

 

Il VLT su Google map

 

Vedi la cartina ingrandita



Download the 3D models of the telescopes and see them in Google earth (kmz file, 4.8MB)

Our use of Cookies

We use cookies that are essential for accessing our websites and using our services. We also use cookies to analyse, measure and improve our websites’ performance, to enable content sharing via social media and to display media content hosted on third-party platforms.

You can read manage your cookie preferences and find out more by visiting 'Cookie Settings and Policy'.

ESO Cookies Policy


The European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) is the pre-eminent intergovernmental science and technology organisation in astronomy. It carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities for astronomy.

This Cookies Policy is intended to provide clarity by outlining the cookies used on the ESO public websites, their functions, the options you have for controlling them, and the ways you can contact us for additional details.

What are cookies?

Cookies are small pieces of data stored on your device by websites you visit. They serve various purposes, such as remembering login credentials and preferences and enhance your browsing experience.

Categories of cookies we use

Essential cookies (always active): These cookies are strictly necessary for the proper functioning of our website. Without these cookies, the website cannot operate correctly, and certain services, such as logging in or accessing secure areas, may not be available; because they are essential for the website’s operation, they cannot be disabled.

Cookie ID/Name
Description/Purpose
Provider (1st party or 3rd party)
Browser session cookie or Stored cookie?
Duration
csrftoken
XSRF protection token. We use this cookie to protect against cross-site request forgery attacks.
1st party
Stored
1 year
user_privacy
Your privacy choices. We use this cookie to save your privacy preferences.
1st party
Stored
6 months
_grecaptcha
We use reCAPTCHA to protect our forms against spam and abuse. reCAPTCHA sets a necessary cookie when executed for the purpose of providing its risk analysis. We use www.recaptcha.net instead of www.google.com in order to avoid unnecessary cookies from Google.
3rd party
Stored
6 months

Functional Cookies: These cookies enhance your browsing experience by enabling additional features and personalization, such as remembering your preferences and settings. While not strictly necessary for the website to function, they improve usability and convenience; these cookies are only placed if you provide your consent.

Cookie ID/Name
Description/Purpose
Provider (1st party or 3rd party)
Browser session cookie or Stored cookie?
Duration
Settings
preferred_language
Language settings. We use this cookie to remember your preferred language settings.
1st party
Stored
1 year
ON | OFF
sessionid
ESO Shop. We use this cookie to store your session information on the ESO Shop. This is just an identifier which is used on the server in order to allow you to purchase items in our shop.
1st party
Stored
2 weeks
ON | OFF

Analytics cookies: These cookies collect information about how visitors interact with our website, such as which pages are visited most often and how users navigate the site. This data helps us improve website performance, optimize content, and enhance the user experience; these cookies are only placed if you provide your consent. We use the following analytics cookies.

Matomo Cookies:

This website uses Matomo (formerly Piwik), an open source software which enables the statistical analysis of website visits. Matomo uses cookies (text files) which are saved on your computer and which allow us to analyze how you use our website. The website user information generated by the cookies will only be saved on the servers of our IT Department. We use this information to analyze www.eso.org visits and to prepare reports on website activities. These data will not be disclosed to third parties.

On behalf of ESO, Matomo will use this information for the purpose of evaluating your use of the website, compiling reports on website activity and providing other services relating to website activity and internet usage.

ON | OFF

Matomo cookies settings:

Cookie ID/Name
Description/Purpose
Provider (1st party or 3rd party)
Browser session cookie or Stored cookie?
Duration
Settings
_pk_id
Stores a unique visitor ID.
1st party
Stored
13 months
_pk_ses
Session cookie temporarily stores data for the visit.
1st party
Stored
30 minutes
_pk_ref
Stores attribution information (the referrer that brought the visitor to the website).
1st party
Stored
6 months
_pk_testcookie
Temporary cookie to check if a visitor’s browser supports cookies (set in Internet Explorer only).
1st party
Stored
Temporary cookie that expires almost immediately after being set.

Additional Third-party cookies on ESO websites: some of our pages display content from external providers, e.g. YouTube.

Such third-party services are outside of ESO control and may, at any time, change their terms of service, use of cookies, etc.

YouTube: Some videos on the ESO website are embedded from ESO’s official YouTube channel. We have enabled YouTube’s privacy-enhanced mode, meaning that no cookies are set unless the user actively clicks on the video to play it. Additionally, in this mode, YouTube does not store any personally identifiable cookie data for embedded video playbacks. For more details, please refer to YouTube’s embedding videos information page.

Cookies can also be classified based on the following elements.

Regarding the domain, there are:

  • First-party cookies, set by the website you are currently visiting. They are stored by the same domain that you are browsing and are used to enhance your experience on that site;
  • Third-party cookies, set by a domain other than the one you are currently visiting.

As for their duration, cookies can be:

  • Browser-session cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser;
  • Stored cookies, which stay on the user's device for a predetermined period of time.

How to manage cookies

Cookie settings: You can modify your cookie choices for the ESO webpages at any time by clicking on the link Cookie settings at the bottom of any page.

In your browser: If you wish to delete cookies or instruct your browser to delete or block cookies by default, please visit the help pages of your browser:

Please be aware that if you delete or decline cookies, certain functionalities of our website may be not be available and your browsing experience may be affected.

You can set most browsers to prevent any cookies being placed on your device, but you may then have to manually adjust some preferences every time you visit a site/page. And some services and functionalities may not work properly at all (e.g. profile logging-in, shop check out).

Updates to the ESO Cookies Policy

The ESO Cookies Policy may be subject to future updates, which will be made available on this page.

Additional information

For any queries related to cookies, please contact: pdprATesoDOTorg.

As ESO public webpages are managed by our Department of Communication, your questions will be dealt with the support of the said Department.