APEX

Osiąganie nowych poziomów w astronomii submilimetrowej

ESO zarządza teleskopem Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) w jednym z najwyżej położonych obserwatoriów na Ziemi, na wysokości 5100 m n.p.m., na płaskowyżu Chajnantor w regionie Atacama w Chile.

APEX to teleskop o średnicy 12 metrów, działający na falach milimetrowych i submilimetrowych - pomiędzy zakresem podczerwonym, a radiowym. Astronomia submilimetrowa otwiera nowe okno na zimny, pyłowy i odległy Wszechświat, ale słabe sygnały z kosmosu są w dużym stopniu absorbowane przez ziemską atmosferę. Chajnantor to idealna lokalizacja dla takiego teleskopu, ponieważ region ten jest jednym z najbardziej suchych na naszej planecie i leży 750 m wyżej niż obserwatoria na Manua Kea, a 2400 m wyżej niż teleskop VLT na Cerro Paranal.

Wycieczka po płaskowyżu Chajnantor

Virtual Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau

Kliknij w zdjęcie, aby rozpocząć wirtualną wycieczkę po Chajnantor.

APEXCam LIVE.

APEX to największy teleskop submilimetrowy działający na półkuli południowej. Posiada zestaw różnych instrumentów obserwacyjnych dla astronomów. Jednym z głównych jest LABOCA, Large APEX Bolometer Camera. LABOCA używa sieci niezmiernie czułych termometrów – znanych jako bolometry – do wykrywania fal submilimetrowych. Z prawie 300 pikselami jest to największa tego typu kamera na świecie. Aby móc wykryć niewielkie zmiany temperatury spowodowane promieniowaniem submilimetrowym, każdy z termometrów jest chłodzony do mniej niż 0,3 stopnia powyżej zera absolutnego – zimne minus 272,85 stopnia Celsjusza. Wysoka czułość LABOCA, razem z szerokim polem widzenia (jedna trzecia rozmiaru tarczy Księżyca w pełni), czynią instrument bezcennym narzędziem do obrazowania submilimetrowego Wszechświata.

APEX był pionierem dla projektu ALMA, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, rewolucyjnego nowego teleskopu, który ESO, wspólnie z międzynarodowymi partnerami, użytkuje na płaskowyżu Chajnantor. APEX bazuje na prototypowej antenie skonstruowanej dla projektu ALMA i znajdzie wiele obiektów, które ALMA będzie badać szczegółowo.

Projekt APEX działa w ramach współpracy między Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) oraz ESO. Teleskop jest obsługiwany przez ESO.

Badania naukowe teleskopem APEX

Astronomia submilimetrowa to relatywnie mało zbadana granica astronomii, która odsłania Wszechświat niewidoczny w bardziej poznanym świetle widzialnym i podczerwonym. Jest idealna dla badania &bdquozimnego Wszechświata": światło na tych długościach fali świeci z rozległych, zimnych obłoków w przestrzeni międzygwiazdowej, o temperaturach zaledwie kilkudziesięciu stopni powyżej zera absolutnego. Astronomowie używają tej długości fali do badania składu chemicznego i warunków fizycznych w obłokach molekularnych – gęstych obłokach gazu i kosmicznego pyłu, w których rodzą się nowe gwiazdy. W świetle widzialnym te rejony Wszechświata są często ciemne i przesłonięte przez pył, ale świecą jasno w milimetrowej i submilimetrowej części widma. Ten zakres długości fali jest także idealny do badania najmłodszych i najdalszych galaktyk we Wszechświecie, których światło zostało przesunięte ku czerwieni do tych właśnie dłuższych fal.

Cele naukowe

Astrochemia, zimny Wszechświat.

Więcej o badaniach naukowych przy pomocy APEX

Więcej informacji o APEX

APEX - timelapse

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Zwiastun APEX

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APEX

Name: Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
Site: Chajnantor
Altitude: 5050 m
Enclosure: Open air
Type: Sub-millimeter antenna
Optical design: Cassegrain
Diameter. Primary M1: 12.0 m
Material. Primary M1: CFRP and Aluminium
Diameter. Secondary M2: 0.75 m Hyperboloidal
Material. Secondary M2: Aluminium
Mount: Alt-Azimuth mount
First Light date: 14 July 2005
Images taken with APEX: Link
Images of APEX: Link
Press Releases with APEX: Link

 

Did you know?
There is an Earth-mass of alcohol near the centre of our Milky Way. However, most of it is methanol, and it is diluted 1:1000 with water. Telescopes observing at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths, like APEX and soon ALMA, are used to detect many other molecules in space.

 

APEX w Google Map

 

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