Pressemeddelelse

Smuk rumsommerfugl fanget med ESO-teleskop

30. juli 2020

Som en sommerfugl med næsten symmetriske vinger, smukke farver og indviklede mønstre ser denne gasboble - som kendes under navnet NGC 2899 - ud til at flakse hen over himlen. Billedet er en ny optagelse fra ESOs Very Large Telescope (VLT), og det er første gang objektet her er afbildet i så høj en detaljegrad, hvor selv de svagtlysende ydre kanter af denne planetariske tåge overstråler baggrundsstjernerne.

NGC 2899 består af enorme områder af gas, som rækker op til to lysår ud fra centret. Tågen lyser op foran baggrundsstjernerne i Mælkevejen fordi gasarterne i den når op på temperaturer over ti tusinde grader. Så høje temperaturer skyldes den kraftige stråling fra den stjerne, som pumper energi ud i tågen fra det indre, så hydrogengassen i rødt og oxygengassen i blåt danner det smukke farvespil.

Objektet befinder sig et sted imellem 3000 og 6500 lysår borte i det sydlige stjernebillede Vela (Sejlet). Det har to centralstjerner, og det er det, der menes at give det den næsten helt symmetriske form. Efter at den ene stjerne har nået slutningen på sit liv, og har kastet sine ydre lag bort, ud i rummet, påvirker den anden stjerne nu gasstrømmene, så der dannes de to buer, som er synlige her. Det er kun 10-20% af de planetariske tåger [1], som har denne bipolare form.

Det meget detaljerede billede af NGC 2899 her er optaget med instrumentet FORS, som er installeret på UT1 (Antu); det ene af de fire 8,2m teleskoper, som udgør ESOs VLT i Chile. Forkortelsen står for " FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph", og dette instrument med høj opløsning var et af de første, som blev installeret på VLT. Det har givet os utallige smukke billeder og spændende opdagelser fra ESO. FORS har indfanget lys fra en kilde til gravitationsbølger, har undersøgt den første kendte interstellare asteroide og er blevet brugt til at studere fysikken bag dannelsen af komplekse planetariske tåger som denne her.

Billedet er optaget som en del af programmet ESO Cosmic Gems programme. Det er et formidlingsprojekt, som har til formål at optage billeder af interessante, mærkelige eller bare smukke objekter med ESOs teleskoper beregnet til uddannelse og offentlig formidling. I programmet bruges teleskoptid, som af en eller anden grund ikke kan anvendes til videnskabelige formål. Alle de indsamlede data vil dog også kunne bruges til videnskabelige formål, og derfor kan astronomer tilgå dem via ESOs videnskabelige arkiv.

Noter

1] På trods af, hvad navnet antyder, har betegnelsen planetariske tåger intet at gøre med planeter. De første astronomer, som observerede dem beskrev dem blot som planetlignende. De dannes, når gamle stjerner, som vejer op til 6 gange mere end Solen, når til slutfasen i deres udvikling, og eksplosivt udsender skaller af gasser, som er rige på tunge grundstoffer. ultraviolet stråling fra stjernerne pumper disse skaller med energi mens de bevæger sig bort fra stjernen, så de bringes til at lyse op. De kan lyse klart i tusindvis af år, indtil de i den sidste ende er spredt ud i rummet i stor afstand fra stjernen. Det gør planetariske tåger til relativt kortlivede fænomener i astronomisk sammenhæng.

Mere information

ESO er den fremmeste fællesnationale astronomiorganisation i Europa, og verdens langt mest produktive jordbaserede astronomiske observatorium. 16 lande er med i ESO: Belgien, Danmark, Finland, Frankrig, Irland, Italien, Nederlandene, Polen, Portugal, Spanien, Sverige, Schweiz, Storbritannien, Tjekkiet, Tyskland og Østrig, og desuden værtsnationen Chile. Australien er med som strategisk partner. ESO har et ambitiøst program, som gør det muligt for astronomer at gøre vigtige videnskabelige opdagelser. Programmet har focus på design, konstruktion og drift af stærke jordbaserede observatorier. Desuden har ESO en ledende rolle i formidling og organisering af samarbejde omkring astronomisk forskning. ESO driver tre enestående observatorier i verdensklasse i Chile: La Silla, Paranal og Chajnantor. På Paranal driver ESO VLT, Very Large Telescope, som er verdens mest avancerede observatorium for synligt lys, samt to oversigtsteleskoper. VISTA, som observerer i infrarødt, er verdens største oversigtsteleskop, og VLT Survey Teleskopet er det største teleskop bygget til at overvåge himlen i synligt lys. ESO er en af de største partnere i ALMA, som er det største eksisterende astronomiprojekt. For tiden bygges ELT, et 39 m optisk og nærinfrarødt teleskop på Cerro Armazones, tæt ved Paranal. Det bliver "verdens største himmeløje".

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Dette er en oversættelse af ESO pressemeddelelse eso2012 lavet af ESON - et netværk af personer i ESOs medlemslande, der er kontaktpunkter for medierne i forbindelse med ESO nyheder, pressemeddelelser mm.

Om pressemeddelelsen

Pressemeddelelse nr.:eso2012da
Navn:NGC 2899
Facility:Very Large Telescope
Instruments:FORS2

Billeder

Nyt ESO-billede fra VLT af den planetariske tåge NGC 2899
Nyt ESO-billede fra VLT af den planetariske tåge NGC 2899
NGC 2899 i stjernebilledet Vela
NGC 2899 i stjernebilledet Vela
Himlen omkring NGC 2899
Himlen omkring NGC 2899

Videoer

ESOcast Light XXX - Smuk rumsommerfugl indfanget med ESO-teleskop
ESOcast Light XXX - Smuk rumsommerfugl indfanget med ESO-teleskop
Zoom ind mod den planetariske tåge NGC 2899
Zoom ind mod den planetariske tåge NGC 2899

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