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El buscador de planetas ESPRESSO se dirige a Chile
22 de Agosto de 2017
El instrumento ESPRESSO (Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations, Espectrógrafo Echelle para Exoplanetas Rocosos y Observaciones Espectroscópicas Estables), ha aprobado el Preliminary Acceptance Europe (PAE) de ESO. Esto significa que ha completado exitosamente todas las pruebas preliminares, y ahora el instrumento será embalado y enviado a Chile, donde se instalará en el foco coudé combinado del Very Large Telescope (VLT). Se espera que el instrumento ESPRESSO vea su primera luz más adelante durante el 2017.
ESPRESSO, un espectrógrafo echelle, es uno de los instrumentos más esperados del mundo astronómico. Es el sucesor del instrumento buscador de planetas HARPS de ESO que forma parte del telescopio de 3,6 metros en La Silla, y será unas 10 veces más preciso que HARPS [1]. Al ser el buscador de planetas de la nueva generación, ESPRESSO medirá cambios mínimos en la luz de las estrellas, a medida que los planetas – muchos de ellos más pequeños que Neptuno – giran alrededor de ellas. El método de la velocidad radial, como es conocido, registra pequeños cambios en el movimiento de una estrella, ocasionados por la influencia gravitatoria de un planeta - la estrella “se bambolea” a medida que el planeta la rodea. Entre más pequeño el planeta, más pequeño el bamboleo, y para detectar exoplanetas pequeños, rocosos y que podrían potencialmente albergar vida, se necesita un instrumento con una precisión muy alta. Usando este método, ESPRESSO será capaz de detectar algunos de los planetas más pequeños que esperamos encontrar [2].
Al igual que con HARPS, ESPRESSO también será usado en la espectroscopía de tránsito de exoplanetas cuando pasen frente a su estrella anfitriona. Esta técnica de observación les permite a los astrónomos determinar constituyentes clave de la atmósfera de un planeta, tales como sodio o vapor de agua.
ESPRESSO será capaz de combinar la luz recogida por los cuatro telescopios del VLT, dando origen a un área colectora de luz equivalente a un único telescopio de 16 metros de diámetro, permitiéndole observar objetos muy tenues. Esto hará posible que explore los lugares más recónditos del Universo, para observar con gran precisión el medio intergaláctico existente entre nosotros y cuásares muy distantes, permitiéndonos investigar si las constantes fundamentales de la física han cambiado con el tiempo, o en el espacio.
Notas
[1] El instrumento HARPS puede medir el movimiento de una estrella con una precisión mejor que un metro por segundo, mientras ESPRESSO buscará una precisión de unos pocos centímetros por segundo, gracias a los avances de la tecnología y su colocación en un telescopio mucho más grande.
[2] El método de la velocidad radial es muy importante si queremos saber las propiedades físicas de un exoplaneta, como por ejemplo su masa. Al combinarlo con resultados obtenidos por otros métodos, tales como el método de tránsito, puede incluso inferirse más información, incluyendo el tamaño y densidad del exoplaneta. El conjunto de telescopios NGTS (Next-Generation Transit Survey, la nueva generación en el sondeo de tránsitos) de ESO en Paranal busca exoplanetas usando el método de tránsito.
Enlaces
Contactos
Francesco Pepe
Observatoire de l’Université de Genève
Versoix, Switzerland
Tel: 0041 (0)22 379 23 96
Email: Francesco.Pepe@unige.ch
Antonio Manescau
ESO
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6142
Email: amanesca@eso.org
Gaspare Lo Curto
ESO
Santiago de Chile, Chile
Tel: +56 22 463 3092
Email: glocurto@eso.org
Richard Hook
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Cell: +49 151 1537 3591
Email: rhook@eso.org
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