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Nuevo y potente instrumento para el estudio de agujeros negros llega a Paranal
Ensamblaje y puesta a prueba del instrumento GRAVITY del VLTI
11 de Agosto de 2015
Un nuevo instrumento denominado GRAVITY ha sido enviado a Chile y con éxito ensamblado y probado en el Observatorio Paranal.
GRAVITY es un instrumento de segunda generación a emplearse en el Interferómetro del Very Large Telescope (VLTI). Este permitirá calcular las posiciones y movimientos de objetos astronómicos en escalas mucho más pequeñas además de realizar espectroscopía e imágenes interferométricas. GRAVITY dará la más avanzada visión al VLT, combinado cuatro telescopios individuales del Observatorio Paranal para que actúen como uno de 100 metros de diámetro.
Gracias al uso de nuevas técnicas, GRAVITY ofrecerá sensibilidad y precisión inigualables en relación a los parámetros actuales (1). Podrá medir la posición relativa de objetos astronómicos con una precisión de 10 microsegundos de arco y realizar imágenes con una resolución de cuatro milésimas de segundos de arco. A modo de ilustración, esto corresponde a ver edificios en la Luna e identificarlos con pocos centímetros.
GRAVITY empujara los límites de la astronomía de elevada resolución angular: permitirá establecer la Física cerca del agujero negro en el centro de la galaxia, región dominada por los efectos predichos por la teoría general de la relatividad de Einstein. Además, revelará los detalles de la masa de discos y chorros de acreción, procesos que ocurren en objetos estelares jóvenes y en los núcleos activos de galaxias. También destacará en rastrear los movimientos de estrellas binarias, exoplanetas y discos estelares jóvenes, y proporcionará imágenes de las superficies de las estrellas.
El 21 de julio de 2015, un equipo obtuvo "las primeras bandas de laboratorio" provenientes de GRAVITY en el salón de integración de Paranal (Paranal Integration Hall) utilizando una fuente de luz de prueba. A esto se le sumará nuevas pruebas y la preparación para el Interferómetro del VLT, para luego ser instalado en el VLTI para ver las "primeras bandas de estrellas" usando los cuatro telescopios auxiliares de 1,8 metros en noviembre de 2015. Las pruebas de GRAVITY con las Unidades de Telescopio del VLT de 8 metros, están previstas para el primer semestre de 2016.
El desarrollo de GRAVITY estuvo a cargo del Instituto Max Planck de Física Extraterrestre, en Garching, Alemania, además de contar con la participación de seis institutos a lo largo de toda Europa (2), y la colaboración de ESO.
Notas
(1) Gravity cuenta combinadores de haces de fibra óptica integrada, sensores de onda infrarrojas para óptica adaptativa entre otros.
(2) Los institutos socios del consorcio GRAVITY son:
- Instituto Max Planck de Física Extraterrestre, Garching, Alemania
- LESIA, Observatorio de Paris, Universidad Paris Diderot, Meudon, Francia
- Instituto Max Planck de Astronomía, Heidelberg, Alemania
- Universidad de Colonia, Colonia, Alemania
- Instituto de Planetología y Astrofísica de Grenoble (IPAG), Grenoble, Francia
- Laboratório de Sistemas, Instrumentação e Modelação em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e do Espaço (SIM), Lisboa y Porto, Portugal
- ESO, Garching, Germany
Enlaces
Contactos
Markus Schoeller
ESO, Garching, Alemania
Correo electrónico: mschoell@eso.org
Frank Eisenhauer
Instituto Max Planck de Física Extraterrestre, Garching, Alemania
Email: eisenhau@mpe.mpg.de
Richard Hook
Encargado de Prensa de ESO
Garching bei München, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Cel: +49 151 1537 3591
Correo electrónico: rhook@eso.org
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