Van Antu tot Yepun - de bouw van de VLT

From Antu to Yepun (the historical image)
From Antu to Yepun (the present-day image)
Verschuif de groene hendel om de afbeeldingen te zien

ESO wordt dit jaar 50. En om deze belangrijke verjaardag te vieren, geven we u een inkijkje in onze geschiedenis. In 2012 tonen we eens per maand een speciale 'Toen en Nu'-vergelijking als foto van de week. We laten zien wat er de afgelopen decennia is veranderd op de sterrenwachten La Silla en Paranal, de ESO-kantoren in Santiago de Chile en het hoofdkwartier in Garching bij München, in Duitsland.

De Very Large Telescope (VLT), ESO's vlaggenschip op Cerro Paranal in Chili, is opgebouwd uit vier reusachtige Unit Telescopes (UT's), elk uitgerust met een spiegel van 8,2 meter in diameter en vier beweegbare 1,8-meter hulptelescopen. Ons tweetal foto's van deze maand toont een deel van de telescoop in aanbouw, en een van vandaag de dag.

Vroege werkzaamheden aan de behuizing van de eerste Unit Telescope (UT1) zijn te zien op de historische afbeelding, die eind oktober 1995 is genomen. De betonnen funderingen waren gereed en het onderste, stationaire deel van de metalen behuizing van de structuur is hieraan bevestigd. De eerste delen van het draaiende gedeelte van de telescoopbehuizing zijn ook geplaatst - het begin van de brede spleet, waardoor de telescoop kan observeren en de zware, horizontale structuur die de schuifdeuren dragen kunnen worden gezien in de richting van de camera. Deze Unit Telescope zag zijn first light op 25 mei 1998 (zie eso9820).

Bij de opening van de Paranal in 1999 (zie eso9921), werd elke UT een naam gegeven in de taal van de inheemse Mapuche-stam. De namen - Antu, Kueyen, Melipal en Yepun voor UT’s één tot vier in die volgorde - vertegenwoordigen vier prominente en prachtige kenmerken van de hemel: de zon, de maan, de constellatie van het Zuiderkruis en Venus [1].

De hedendaagse foto is van UT4, Yepun, die zijn eerste licht zag in september 2000 (zie eso0028). Deze laat net zo goed als zijn broer UT1 zien hoe de voltooide constructie van de VLT is geworden, omdat alle vier de UT’s een identiek ontwerp hebben. Ze verschillen alleen in de instrumenten, waardoor de astronomen een breder scala aan hulpmiddelen hebben om het heelal te bestuderen. De gele, frame-achtige structuur in de voorkant van Yepun is het M1-hefplateau, dat kan worden verplaatst tussen de UT’s en wordt gebruikt wanneer de gigantische 8,2-meter hoofdspiegels periodiek worden verwijderd om ze van een nieuwe coating te voorzien.

In de jaren nadat de historische foto is genomen, heeft de eerste van de UT’s een naam - Antu - en een gezin gekregen, doordat de andere telescopen zijn toegevoegd op de bergtop. Vandaag de dag is de VLT 's werelds meest geavanceerde optische telescoop en Antu, Yepun en de andere telescopen op Paranal hebben een belangrijke rol gespeeld om van ESO het meest productieve grondobservatorium ter wereld te maken.

Opmerkingen

[1] Yepun was op het moment van de Paranal-inauguratie (zie eso9921) vertaald als "Sirius", maar uit nader onderzoek bleek dat de juiste vertaling "Venus" is.

Links

Vertaling:
Teun van Vijfeijken

Credit

ESO

Over de Fotovergelijking

Id:potw1249a
Publicatiedatum:3 december 2012 10:00

Afbeeldingen

Van Antu tot Yepun (historische afbeelding)
Van Antu tot Yepun (historische afbeelding)
Van Antu tot Yepun (hedendaagse afbeelding)
Van Antu tot Yepun (hedendaagse afbeelding)
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