Pressemeddelelse

Galaktisk springvand fundet af ALMA og MUSE

6. november 2018

Der vælder et enormt springvand af gasmolekyler ud fra det sorte hul i centrum af den klareste af galakserne i galaksehoben Abell 2597, og aldrig før har forskerne set både indfald af stof, og den udstrømmende mængde i den samme galakse. Det er observationer med ALMA og data fra spektrografen MUSE på ESOs VLT, som er bag den nye opdagelse.

 

Blot en milliard lysår borte i den nære galaksehob Abell 2597, fosser et enormt galaktisk springvand. Det er et tungt sort hul i hjertet af galaksen, som pumper store faner af kold molekylær gas ud i rummet. Derefter falder gasserne tilbage mod det sorte hul som en regn af stof eller et intergalaktisk skybrud . Aldrig før har man set både udbrud og indsugning af stof ved den samme kosmiske kilde, og det hele foregår indenfor de inderste 100 000 lysår ved den klareste galakse i hoben Abell 2597.

"Det er muligvis det første system, hvor vi har fundet klare beviser for både kold molekylær gas, som strømmer ind imod det sorte hul og for den strøm af gasser, som det sorte hul udspyr," forklarede Grant Tremblay fra Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics og som er tidligere fellow hos ESO og leder af forskerholdet. "Det supertunge sorte hul i centrum af denne enorme galakse fungerer som den mekaniske pumpe i et springvand."

Tremblay of forskerne brugte ALMA for at spore positioner og bevægelse for molekyler af kulilte inde i tågen. Disse kolde molekyler, med temperaturer ned omkring minus 250-260°C kan ses i fald indad imod det sorte hul. Forskerholdet brugte også data fra instrumentet  MUSE på ESOs Very Large Telescope til at spore varmere gasser - det, som slynges ud fra det sorte hul i form af jets.

"Det helt enestående her er, at vi får en meget detaljeret koblet analyse af kilden ved at bruge data fra ALMA og MUSE," forklarede Tremblay. "De to anlæg i kombination er utroligt stærke."

Tilsammen danner disse to datasæt et fuldstændigt billede af hele processen; kold gas falder ind imod det sorte hul, får det til at gå i udbrud, og forårsager hurtige jets af lysende plasma ud i tomrummet. Disse jets sprøjter så ud fra det sorte hul som en bemærkelsesværdig galaktisk fontæne. Uden håb om at kunne undslippe galaksens faste greb med tyngdekraften, køler plasmaet ned, og regner i den sidste ende ned over det sorte hul, hvor processen så kan begynde forfra.

Denne hidtil usete observation kan belyse galaksernes livscyklus. Forskerne spekulerer over, om ikke denne proces er ganske almindelig, og på samme tid vigtig for at forstå galaksedannelse. Tidligere har andre observeret indfald og udsendelse af kold molekylær gas, men det er første gang begge dele er observeret i det samme system, så vi nu er sikre på, at de to ting hænger sammen som en enorm samlet proces.

Abell 2597 befinder sig i stjernebilledet Aquarius, og hoben har navnet fordi den findes i Abell catalogue of rich clusters of galaxies. Dette katalog indeholder også hobe som for eksempel Fornaxhoben, Herculeshoben og Pandoras hob.

Mere information

 

Forskningsresultaterne her er offentliggjort i en artikel med titlen “A Galaxy-Scale Fountain of Cold Molecular Gas Pumped by a Black Hole”, i tidsskriftetThe Astrophysical Journal.

Forskerholdet består af G. R. Tremblay (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA; Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, New Haven, USA), F. Combes (LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, Frankrig), J. B. R. Oonk (ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Nederlandene; Leiden Observatory, Nederlandene), H. R. Russell (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, UK), M. A. McDonald (Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA), M. Gaspari (Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, USA), B. Husemann (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Tyskland), P. E. J. Nulsen (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA; ICRAR, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia), B. R. McNamara (Physics & Astronomy Department, Waterloo University, Canada), S. L. Hamer (CRAL, Observatoire de Lyon, Université Lyon, Frankrig), C. P. O’Dea (Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; School of Physics & Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA), S. A. Baum (School of Physics & Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA; Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada), T. A. Davis (School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, UK), M. Donahue (Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA), G. M. Voit (Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA), A. C. Edge (Department of Physics, Durham University, UK), E. L. Blanton (Astronomy Department and Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, USA), M. N. Bremer (H. W. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, UK), E. Bulbul (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), T. E. Clarke (Naval Research Laboratory Remote Sensing Division, Washington, DC, USA), L. P. David (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), L. O. V. Edwards (Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA), D. Eggerman (Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, New Haven, USA), A. C. Fabian (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, UK), W. Forman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), C. Jones (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), N. Kerman (Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, New Haven, USA), R. P. Kraft (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), Y. Li (Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA), M. Powell (Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, New Haven, USA), S. W. Randall (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), P. Salomé (LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, Frankrig), A. Simionescu (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science [ISAS], Kanagawa, Japan), Y. Su (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA), M. Sun (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA), C. M. Urry (Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, New Haven, USA), A. N. Vantyghem (Physics & Astronomy Department, Waterloo University, Canada), B. J. Wilkes (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA) og J. A. ZuHone (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA).

ESO er den fremmeste fællesnationale astronomiorganisation i Europa, og verdens langt mest produktive jordbaserede astronomiske observatorium. 16 lande er med i ESO: Belgien, Danmark, Finland, Frankrig, Irland, Italien, Nederlandene, Polen, Portugal, Spanien, Sverige, Schweiz, Storbritannien, Tjekkiet, Tyskland og Østrig, og desuden værtsnationen Chile. Australien er med som strategisk partner. ESO har et ambitiøst program, som gør det muligt for astronomer at gøre vigtige videnskabelige opdagelser. Programmet har focus på design, konstruktion og drift af stærke jordbaserede observatorier. Desuden har ESO en ledende rolle i formidling og organisering af samarbejde omkring astronomisk forskning. ESO driver tre enestående observatorier i verdensklasse i Chile: La Silla, Paranal og Chajnantor. På Paranal driver ESO VLT, Very Large Telescope, som er verdens mest avancerede observatorium for synligt lys, samt to oversigtsteleskoper. VISTA, som observerer i infrarødt, er verdens største oversigtsteleskop, og VLT Survey Teleskopet er det største teleskop bygget til at overvåge himlen i synligt lys. ESO er en af de største partnere i ALMA, som er det største eksisterende astronomiprojekt. For tiden bygges ELT, et 39 m optisk og nærinfrarødt teleskop på Cerro Armazones, tæt ved Paranal. Det bliver "verdens største himmeløje".

Links

 

Kontakter

Grant Tremblay
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1 207 504 4862
E-mail: grant.tremblay@cfa.harvard.edu

Francoise Combes
LERMA, Paris Observatory
Paris, France
E-mail: francoise.combes@obspm.fr

Calum Turner
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6670
E-mail: pio@eso.org

Ole J. Knudsen (Pressekontakt Danmark)
ESOs formidlingsnetværk og Aarhus Space Centre, Aarhus Universitet
Aarhus, Danmark
Tel: +45 8715 5597
E-mail: eson-denmark@eso.org

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Dette er en oversættelse af ESO pressemeddelelse eso1836 lavet af ESON - et netværk af personer i ESOs medlemslande, der er kontaktpunkter for medierne i forbindelse med ESO nyheder, pressemeddelelser mm.

Om pressemeddelelsen

Pressemeddelelse nr.:eso1836da
Navn:Abell 2597
Type:Local Universe : Galaxy : Grouping : Cluster
Facility:Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, Very Large Telescope
Science data:2018ApJ...865...13T

Billeder

ALMA og MUSE opdager et galaktisk springvand
ALMA og MUSE opdager et galaktisk springvand
Området omkring Abell 2597 med Digitized Sky Survey
Området omkring Abell 2597 med Digitized Sky Survey
Abell 2597 i stjernebilledet Aquarius
Abell 2597 i stjernebilledet Aquarius

Videoer

ESOcast 182 Light: ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain (4K UHD)
ESOcast 182 Light: ALMA and MUSE Detect Galactic Fountain (4K UHD)
Zoom ind på en galaktisk fontæne
Zoom ind på en galaktisk fontæne

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