European
Southern
Observatory
ESO Science Newsletter April 2023
05 Apr 2023

This newsletter is a summary of recent ESO Science Announcement items. Follow the links or visit ESO Science Announcements to read more.



Science Announcements


NIRPS Successfully Starts Operations

04 Apr 2023:

The NIRPS instrument, a cryogenic adaptive-optics equipped high-resolution (R=80,000) spectrograph newly installed on La Silla 3.6-m telescope has successfully entered operation at the start of the new period, on April 1st. The instrument is equipped with a stabilized Fabry-Perot calibration source ensuring high radial velocity precision, with a goal of reaching 1m/s. NIRPS targets M-dwarfs since their so-called habitable zones are closer than for stars like our Sun, and so the orbital periods of planets are shorter than the orbital period of Earth, on the order of weeks instead of a year.

Read more


ESO Data Papers Published in 2022

03 Apr 2023:

In 2022, the ESO community once again published more than 1,000 papers, for the 6th consecutive year. The total number of data papers included in the ESO Telescope Bibliography (telbib) published between 1996 and 2022 has risen to over 19,500. Despite the fact that ESO's facilities were not operating at the beginning of the pandemic, and then were operating with reduced capacity for several months, the number of refereed data papers remained remarkably stable.

Read more


GRA4MAT Narrow Off-Axis Mode / First Observations of Beta Pic b

03 Apr 2023:

The Beta Pic dataset was obtained on 3 February 2023, in the course of the ESO-led development of a new GRA4MAT narrow off-axis mode. This new mode allows an observer to specify small offsets where to point MATISSE, with respect to the fringe tracking target. This mode is very similar to the dual on-axis mode of GRAVITY that was successfully applied to exoplanet spectroscopy. It will be offered to the community in the Call for Proposals for Period 112.

Read more


2023 Users Committee Meeting and Poll

31 Mar 2023:

The Users Committee (UC) represents ESO's astronomical community at large and acts as an advisory body to the ESO Director General on matters related to the performance, scientific access, operation and user interfaces to the La Silla Paranal Observatory and ALMA. The annual meeting of the UC is scheduled on 20 and 21 April 2023. During the UC meeting updates from ESO and feedback from the user community are exchanged and openly discussed. Each year one topic is explored in more detail and this year the Special Topic session is dedicated to Archive Science.

Read more


ELT MORFEO Instrument Passes Preliminary Design Review

31 Mar 2023:

The Multiconjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations (MORFEO, previously known as MAORY), an upcoming instrument for ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), has recently passed its preliminary design review. MORFEO’s adaptive optics system will use special sensors to measure the blurring effects of the Earth’s atmosphere, correcting them with deformable mirrors. This will allow astronomers to get an unprecedented view into the Universe, offering detailed observations of distant galaxies and stars at the centre of the Milky Way.  

Read more


ALMA: New Targets for Science Verification of Band 1

31 Mar 2023:

ALMA observations in Band 1 will be offered from Cycle 10. The science verification targets chosen for Band 1 are Orion KL and W51. The observations of these targets demonstrate the imaging and spectral scan capabilities in Band 1. The data are planned to be taken with about 20 antennas and will be released for public use. More information about the Band 1 science verification observations can be found here.

Read more


Sixth European ALMA Regional Centre Community Assembly

31 Mar 2023:

The European ALMA Regional Centre invites European ALMA users to a virtual community assembly on April 17 at 11:00 CEST, in connection with the Cycle 10 call for proposals. At this meeting, more information will be provided on the procedures for Joint Proposals with other facilities, including the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, the Space Telescope Science Institute's James Webb Space Telescope, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array.

Read more


2023 Release of VLT/VLTI Instrument Data Reduction Software Packages

30 Mar 2023:

The annual public release of ESO VLT/VLTI instruments data reduction software packages is scheduled for end of May 2023. Please note that the new pipeline packages will be released for the following operating systems: Fedora 34, 35, 36, 37; Scientific Linux 7; CentOS 7; macOS 11, 12, 13.

Read more


Galaxy Transformation Across Space and Time - The 3rd Australia-ESO Meeting

30 Mar 2023:

Galaxies transform throughout their lifetimes as a result of internal processes, interactions with other galaxies, their environments, and the cosmic web. The interplay of these processes alters the distribution of properties used to characterise the galaxy population. Understanding the impact and relative importance of the interplay of these processes is critical to galaxy evolution as whole.This conference will aim at connecting observations and simulations of galaxy transformations across cosmic time.

Read more


A Decade of ESO Wide-field Imaging Surveys

30 Mar 2023:

With the end of VIRCAM@VISTA operations (first light June 2008, decommissioned March 2023) and OmegaCam@VST becoming a hosted telescope (first light Oct 2011, now managed by INAF), a decade of targeted wide-field imaging at ESO is coming to an end. Both instruments were largely dedicated to public imaging surveys, which have amassed a total of nearly 60,000 hours of telescope time. To commemorate these milestones, ESO organizes a 5-day workshop that reviews the legacy left by these instruments and summarizes the variety of scientific impact that these imaging surveys have on a wide range of research topics in astronomy, both in galactic and extra-galactic science.

Read more


ESO Period 112 Proposal Submission Statistics

30 Mar 2023:

The deadline for proposal submission for Period 112 (1 October 2023 - 31 March 2024) was 28 March 2023: 895 valid proposals were submitted, of which 37 are Large Programmes.  On the VLT, the most demanded ESO instrument was MUSE with a request of 425 nights, followed by ESPRESSO with 347 nights and X-Shooter with 257 nights. HARPS/NIRPS on the ESO 3.6-metre telescope was the most demanded instrument at La Silla, with a combined request of 297 nights.  

Read more


Spectral Fidelity Conference: Registration is now Open

30 Mar 2023:

The Spectral Fidelity conference will be held in Firenze (Italy) from 4 September to 8 September 2023.  The conference is jointly organised by ESO, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, and University of Geneva. More information and  the registration page can be found at the conference web site.

Read more


Call for Proposals for ESO Workshops 2024

24 Mar 2023:

In its efforts to promote the scientific exchange among astronomers, ESO, through the Directorate for Science, continues to provide support and funding for the organisation of scientific workshops in Santiago and in Garching as well as co-funding for some external workshops. Science workshops are an essential component of ESO's programmes and represent a unique opportunity to promote and foster ideas and collaborations within the scientific community.

Read more


Applications for ESO Studentships - First Annual Call

09 Mar 2023:

The ESO research studentship programme provides an outstanding opportunity for PhD students to experience the exciting scientific environment at one of the world's leading observatories. ESO's studentship positions are open to students enrolled in a university PhD programme in astronomy or related fields. Students accepted into the programme work on their doctoral project under the formal supervision of their home university supervisor, but they come to ESO to work and study under the co-supervision of an ESO staff astronomer for a period of between six months and two years.

Read more



Upcoming ESO or ESO-related workshops

Doppler shifts precision and accuracy are the traditional aspects of spectral fidelity, but there are many others, such as: how well are the spectra characterized for noise, scattered light, detector effects, instrumental profile? What are abundance realistic uncertainties? Is precision enough or is accuracy required? Which are the limits of precise and accurate spectroscopy and which exciting science will new performances enable? Which science require spectral fidelity and how can we enable it? What is its present status and future perspective? With the installation of HARPS at the 3.6m telescope in La Silla 20 years ago, ESO community has a central role in this research. HARPS has been transformational, paving the way to the new generations of planet hunters. The aim of the conference is to discuss all the above topics, with a view to the long heritage of HARPS, the first 5 years of operations of ESPRESSO, the new results from NIR spectrographs, and future spectrographs such as ANDES at the ELTs.

Registration deadline is 15 May (abstract submission), 15 July (in-person registration), 1 September (remote participation)

 

Galaxies transform throughout their lifetimes as a result of internal processes, interactions with other galaxies, their environments, and the cosmic web. The interplay of these processes alters the distribution of properties used to characterise the galaxy population. Understanding the impact and relative importance of the interplay of these processes is critical to galaxy evolution as whole.This conference will aim at connecting observations and simulations of galaxy transformations across cosmic time.
 
 

A substantial fraction of cosmic star formation happens in star clusters, and binary populations residing in extreme cluster environments are fundamentally different from those in galactic fields. Each binary in a star cluster will evolve through a multitude of interactions with other cluster members. A better understanding of this evolution is required to answer some of the most pressing questions in modern astrophysics, from the origin of black-hole mergers to the characterization of galaxies in the early Universe. Historically, star clusters have always been cornerstones for our knowledge of stellar evolution. With this workshop, we aim to continue this legacy by establishing them as cosmic probes for binary studies. The workshop intersects four main fields of modern astrophysics: star formation, stellar and binary evolution, star clusters and their dynamics, and gravitational wave astronomy. With this scientific overlap, the workshop wants to bring scientists of all of these fields together and facilitate the scientific exchange that will lead to new insights and scientific breakthroughs.

Registration deadline is 31 May (abstract submission), 11 August (in-person registration), 1 September (remote participation)

 

It is very well established that galactic systems form and evolve in connection with their environment. The stellar mass budget and the appearance in terms of morphology, colors, star formation activity, and gas fraction of local galaxies are strictly connected to the inhabited region of the cosmic web, and to the linked evolution of the dark matter halo they reside in.

The goal of the conference is to explore the intricate relationship between galaxy evolution and the environment by unveiling all the aspects of such a connection.

Registration deadline is 10 April (abstract submission), 31 May (in-person registration)

 

With the end of VIRCAM@VISTA operations (first light June 2008, decommissioned March 2023) and OmegaCam@VST becoming a hosted telescope (first light Oct 2011, now managed by INAF), a decade of targeted wide-field imaging at ESO is coming to an end. Both instruments were largely dedicated to public imaging surveys, which have amassed a total of nearly 60,000 hours of telescope time. To commemorate these milestones, ESO organizes a 5-day workshop that reviews the legacy left by these instruments and summarizes the variety of scientific impact that these imaging surveys have on a wide range of research topics in astronomy, both in galactic and extra-galactic science.

Registration deadline is 1 September