A main street in Antofagasta

One of the main streets in Antofagasta, capital of the II Region of Chile. Antofagasta stretches along about 20 km of a narrow coastal region, demarcated by the Pacific Ocean and the Coastal Mountain Range. With more than 300 000 habitants, Antofagasta is the fifth-largest city of Chile, and the mining capital of the country. Furthermore, the Antofagasta Region is home to the world’s largest ground-based astronomical observatories. The ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT), on Cerro Paranal is located some 120 km south of Antofagasta, on the Coastal Mountain Range. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is currently under construction on the 5000-metre-high Chajnantor Plateau, in the Andes close to San Pedro de Atacama. And Cerro Armazones, the selected site for the planned Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), is located about 20 km away from Cerro Paranal. The ELT will be the world’s biggest eye on the sky.