Mitteilung
Leistungsstarkes Instrument zur Untersuchung Schwarzer Löcher am Paranal angekommen
Montage und Test von VLTI GRAVITY
11. August 2015
Das neue Instrument GRAVITY wurde nach Chile transportiert und erfolgreich im Paranal-Observatorium montiert und getestet.
GRAVITY ist ein Instrument der zweiten Generation für das VLT Interferometer (VLTI). Es ermöglicht die Vermessung von astronomischen Objekten auf kleinsten Größenskalen und interferometrische Bildgebung und Spektroskopie. GRAVITY wird dem VLT die höchstmögliche Sehkraft verleihen, wozu es die vier einzelnen Teleskope des Paranal-Observatoriums so kombiniert, dass sie wie ein einzelnes Teleskop mit einem Durchmesser von über 100 Metern zusammenarbeiten.
Dank verschiedener neuartiger Technologien wird GRAVITY die Empfindlichkeit und Genauigkeit gegenüber dem derzeitigen Stand deutlich verbessern [1]. Auf diese Weise ist eine Ortsbestimmung von Objekten in der Größenordnung von zehn Mikrobogensekunden und die Bildgebung mit einer Auflösung von vier Millibogensekunden möglich.
GRAVITY wird die hochauflösende Astronomie zu neuen Grenzen führen: Die Physik in der Nähe des Ereignishorizonts des supermassereichen Schwarzen Lochs im galaktischen Zentrum wird untersuchbar – eine Region, die von den Effekten dominiert wird, die von Einsteins Allgemeiner Relativitätstheorie vorhergesagt werden. Zusätzlich werden Details von Massenzuwachs und Jets enthüllt – Prozesse, die sowohl in jungen stellaren Objekten stattfinden, als auch in aktiven Kernen von anderen Galaxien. Außerdem können die Bewegungen von binären Sternen, Exoplaneten und jungen stellaren Scheiben untersucht und die Oberflächen von Sternen abgebildet werden.
Am 21. Juli 2015 hat das GRAVITY-Team mit einer Test-Lichtquelle "erste Labor-Interferenzmuster" in der Paranal-Integrationshalle gesehen. In den weiteren, folgenden Tests von GRAVITY und bei der Vorbereitung des VLT-Interferometers wird GRAVITY zum VLTI versetzt werden, um im weiteren Verlauf des Jahres ab November 2015 erste Stern-Interferenzmuster mit Hilfe der vier 1,8-Meter-Hilfsteleskope aufnehmen zu können. Die Inbetriebnahme von GRAVITY mit den vier 8-Meter Teleskopen soll in der ersten Hälfte von 2016 stattfinden.
Die Entwicklung von GRAVITY wurde vom Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik in Garching geleitet, wobei sechs Institute aus ganz Europa [2] und die ESO beteiligt waren.
Endnoten
[1] GRAVITY ist mit faserbasierten integrierten optischen Strahlkombinierern, infraroten Wellenfrontsensoren für die Adaptive Optik, Interferenzmusterverfolgung, aktiver Strahlstabilisierung und einem neuen Metrologiekonzept ausgestattet.
[2] Die Partnerinstitute des GRAVITY-Konsortiums sind:
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Meudon, Frankreich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg
- Universität Köln, Köln
- Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Grenoble, Frankreich
- Laboratório de Sistemas, Instrumentação e Modelação em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente e do Espaço (SIM), Lissabon und Porto, Portugal
- ESO, Garching
Links
Kontaktinformationen
Markus Schoeller
ESO, Garching
E-Mail: mschoell@eso.org
Frank Eisenhauer
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching
E-Mail: eisenhau@mpe.mpg.de
Richard Hook
ESO Public Information Officer
Garching
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Mobil: +49 151 1537 3591
E-Mail: rhook@eso.org
Über die Mitteilung
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