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Más de la mitad del espejo gigante del ELT ya se encuentra en Chile

14 de Octubre de 2026

El espejo del telescopio más grande jamás construido se abre camino pieza por pieza hacia el otro lado del Atlántico. Casi 500 segmentos del espejo principal del Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) de ESO ya han llegado a la Instalación Técnica del ELT en el Observatorio Paranal de ESO en Chile, alrededor de la mitad de todos los segmentos que se están fabricando para lo que se convertirá en un ojo hacia el cielo de 39 metros. Además, el último segmento ya ingresó a la etapa de producción en Safran Reosc, Francia. No es posible hacer un espejo tan grande a partir de una sola pieza de vidrio. Por eso, el espejo principal del ELT (M1) consta de 798 segmentos individuales, que trabajan juntos como uno solo, para observar el cosmos en profundidad y detalle.

La producción de los segmentos hexagonales M1 es un proceso complejo que destaca la colaboración internacional que hace posible el ELT. El viaje de los segmentos comenzó en Alemania, donde SCHOTT fabricó los bloques de los segmentos a partir de vitrocerámica Zerodur©, un material que prácticamente no cambia de forma a medida que cambian las temperaturas. Los bloques luego viajaron a Safran Reosc cerca de Poitiers, Francia, para pasar por un proceso de figurado, pulido y montaje en sus soportes, que fueron diseñados por TNO y producidos por VDL ETG Projects BV, dos empresas holandesas.  El consorcio FAMES (Fogale, Francia; MicroEpsilon, Alemania) diseñó y fabricó los sensores que monitorean la posición relativa de cada segmento y la empresa alemana Physik Instrumente fabricó los actuadores que mantienen cada segmento perfectamente alineado con los segmentos adyacentes. La última etapa del viaje de los segmentos M1 y sus soportes, que la mayoría de los conjuntos ya ha concluido, consiste en un trayecto de 10.000 kilómetros por carretera y por barco al desierto de Atacama, una misión asignada a la empresa danesa DSV.

A su llegada a la Instalación Técnica del ELT, los segmentos son inspeccionados y recubiertos por ingenieros y técnicos de ESO, dándoles el acabado altamente reflectante que captará la luz estelar. Sin embargo, el recubrimiento no dura para siempre: una vez que el telescopio esté funcionando, será necesario intercambiar dos segmentos al día para recibir una nueva capa reflectante, trabajo que el equipo de ESO en Paranal hará durante toda la vida útil de la operación del ELT. Para que esto sea posible sin dejar nunca un vacío en el espejo, se han producido 133 segmentos adicionales (es decir, un total de 931), de modo que se pueda extraer un segmento para volver a aplicar el recubrimiento y sustituirlo inmediatamente. Con la llegada del último lote, más del 50 % de los 931 segmentos se encuentra en Chile.

Los primeros segmentos llegaron a Chile a principios de 2024, cerca de siete años después de la firma de los primeros contratos industriales para su fabricación. Ahora, sin embargo, Safran Reosc ha alcanzado una tasa de producción de un segmento por día. Mientras que más de la mitad de los segmentos con sus soportes ya se encuentran en Chile, la mayoría de los demás segmentos están en ruta o embalados y listos para su envío, en tanto unos pocos siguen en producción. Esto significa que, en los próximos meses, todos los segmentos M1 estarán en Chile.

Cuando comience a observar el universo en unos años más, desde Cerro Armazones cerca de Paranal, el ELT será el ojo más grande del mundo para mirar el cielo. Su espejo gigante, sus sofisticados sistemas y los cielos oscuros bajo los que operará le permitirán estudiar las atmósferas de planetas rocosos alrededor de otras estrellas, observar las primeras galaxias y estrellas que se formaron después del Big Bang y probar si las constantes de la física han cambiado con el tiempo cósmico. El proyecto del ELT ahora presenta un avance de más del 75 % y las primeras observaciones con instrumentos científicos están previstas para finales de 2030.

Contactos

Bárbara Ferreira
ESO Media Manager
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6670
Email: press@eso.org

Sobre el anuncio

Identificador:ann26009

Imágenes

ELT Technical Facility at Paranal with the latest batch of M1 segments
ELT Technical Facility at Paranal with the latest batch of M1 segments
solo en inglés
Container of mirror segments leaving Antofagasta Port
Container of mirror segments leaving Antofagasta Port
solo en inglés
ESO staff inspect segment of the main mirror of ESO's Extremely Large Telescope
ESO staff inspect segment of the main mirror of ESO's Extremely Large Telescope
solo en inglés
Mirror segment is added to the shelves at the ELT Technical Facility
Mirror segment is added to the shelves at the ELT Technical Facility
solo en inglés
Status of the ELT M1 segments as of 27 September 2026
Status of the ELT M1 segments as of 27 September 2026
solo en inglés
Last segment enters production at Safran Reosc
Last segment enters production at Safran Reosc
solo en inglés
ELT main mirror segment ready to be lifted
ELT main mirror segment ready to be lifted
solo en inglés
This landscape image shows a metal structure from above. There is circular shape at the base with a tall metal post, joined to surrounding metal beams by five long horizontal metal supports. There is a twelve-sided metal structure at the top, with a gap in its centre, which the surrounding beams attach to.
The ELT’s main structure
solo en inglés
This landscape image shows a technical facility with light grey floors marked with yellow and black tape, a light grey wall to the back with blue double doors on the left hand side, and a structure at the centre with a hexagonal-shaped object held above it by a central rope and support and a black metal mesh with yellow vertical supports around it. Two people wearing hairnets are facing the structure: one on the left wearing a light blue labcoat, crouching and turning a shiny metal wheel on the structure, and one on the right standing in a white labcoat.
Perfecting mirror segments for the ELT
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