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ALMA realiza sus primeras observaciones en la configuración Very Long Baseline

5 de Marzo de 2015

ALMA, el Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ha conseguido combinar exitosamente su enorme área de recolección y sensibilidad con la de APEX (Atacama Pathfinder Experiment), para crear un instrumento nuevo y único, mediante un proceso denominado Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI).

Los grandes telescopios pueden realizar observaciones con mayor nitidez, y la interferometría permite que varios telescopios actúen conjuntamente como un único telescopio, tan grande como la separación, o línea de base, entre ellos. Trabajando en VLBI, los datos provenientes de dos telescopios independientes se combinan para formar un telescopio virtual, que cubre la distancia geográfica entre ellos – potencialmente, hasta el diámetro de la Tierra – brindando una capacidad de aumento extraordinaria.

Un paso intermedio esencial es someter a prueba la técnica en una línea de base corta. El 13 de enero de 2015, ALMA y el cercano telescopio APEX estudiaron, simultáneamente, el cuásar 0522-364.  Esta galaxia lejana se eligió para esta observación (primera en su tipo), debido a su notable luminosidad a longitudes de onda de radio.

Para asegurar que los telescopios estuvieran sincronizados, ALMA utilizó un reloj atómico recién instalado de exquisita precisión, para codificar en tiempo los datos que se iban recopilando. La exactitud del tiempo es fundamental para el VLBI ya que permite que los datos tomados en diferentes sitios geográficos y en diferentes telescopios se puedan conjugar con precisión e integrar con exactitud. El análisis de los datos, completado recientemente, confirmó que el sistema funciona correctamente y que el reloj atómico de ALMA es suficientemente preciso para el VLBI.

Esta primera observación exitosa de ALMA con el VLBI usó una línea de base de 2,1Km y fue un examen esencial de prueba de concepto para el planificado Event Horizon Telescope que, eventualmente, incluirá una red global de telescopios operando en longitudes de onda milimétricas. Cuando esté completamente ensamblado, el Event Horizon Telescope – con ALMA como el sitio de mayor envergadura y sensibilidad - conformará un telescopio del tamaño de la Tierra, con la potencia de aumento requerida para ver detalles en los bordes del agujero negro supermasivo en el centro de la Vía Láctea.

Información Adicional

Este reciente trabajo de investigación fue realizado por un equipo integrado por miembros del ALMA Phasing Project (APP), del Observatorio ALMA (JAO), del Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory y del telescopio APEX.

El conjunto ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) es una instalación astronómica internacional fruto de la colaboración entre el Observatorio Europeo Austral (ESO), la Fundación Nacional de Ciencia de Estados Unidos (NSF), y los Institutos Nacionales de Ciencias Naturales de Japón (NINS), en cooperación con la República de Chile. La financiación de ALMA corre a cargo de ESO en nombre de sus países miembros; de la NSF en cooperación con el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de Canadá (NRC) y el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia de Taiwán (NSC); y de la NINS en cooperación con la Academia Sinica (AS) de Taiwan y el Instituto de Astronomía y Ciencias Espaciales de Corea (KASI).

La construcción y operaciones de ALMA están lideradas por ESO en nombre de sus países miembros; en América del Norte, por el Observatorio Radio Astronónómico Nacional (NRAO), gestionado por Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI); y en Asia Oriental por el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Japón (NOAJ). El Observatorio Conjunto ALMA (Joint ALMA Observatory, JAO) proporciona al proyecto la unificación tanto del liderazgo como de la gestión de la construcción, puesta a punto y operación de ALMA.

APEX es una asociación entre el Instituto Max Planck para Radioastronomía (MPIfR 50%), el Observatorio Espacial de Onsala (OSO, 23%) y ESO (27%). ESO se hace cargo de las operaciones del telescopio.

Enlaces

Contactos

Richard Hook
Encargado de Prensa de ESO
Garching bei München, Alemania
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Correo electrónico: rhook@eso.org

Charles E. Blue
Encargado de Información Pública
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Tel: +1 434.296.0314 
Cel: +1 202-236-6324
Correo electrónico: cblue@nrao.edu

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ALMA realiza sus primeras observaciones en la configuración Very Long Baseline
ALMA realiza sus primeras observaciones en la configuración Very Long Baseline

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