Custom power amplifier chip for an ALMA warm cartridge assembly

A close-up of a crucial component of an ALMA Warm Cartridge Assembly, a custom power amplifier chip designed by US National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) engineers and fabricated by BAE Systems of Nashua, New Hampshire, using a process that enables such amplifiers to work at frequencies above the normal 100 gigahertz limit of commercially available devices of this type.