A Gravitational Einstein Ring

The four images here illustrate the deduced model of the lensing effect. In the upper left, the observed ring has been enlarged and the image of the lensing galaxy removed by image processing. Below it is a model of the gravitational field (potential) around this galaxy along with the "true" image of the background galaxy shown. At the lower right is the resulting gravitationally magnified and distorted image of the background galaxy, which to the upper right has been de-sharpened to the same image quality as the observed image.