Die Kartierung Dunkler Materie in Galaxien

Der Wide Field Imager am MPG/ESO 2,2-Meter-Teleskop am La-Silla-Observatorium in Chile hat in dieser Aufnahme eine Vielzahl schwacher Galaxien eingefangen - kleine, helle Flecken, die über den dunklen Himmel verteilt sind. Bilder wie dieses sind wichtige Helfer für das Verständnis der Frage, wie die geheimnisvolle Dunkle Materie in Galaxien verteilt ist.

Das Bild ist Teil der COMBO-17-Himmelsdurchmusterung (Classifying Objects by Medium-Band Observations in 17 Filters), einem Projekt, im Rahmen dessen detaillierte Aufnahmen von kleinen Himmelsbereichen mit 17 verschiedenen Farbfiltern entstehen. Die Fläche dieses Bildes entspricht nur etwa der Größe des Vollmonds, dennoch kann man aber mehrere Tausend Galaxien darin ausmachen.

Die Belichtungszeit für das Bild betrug insgesamt knapp 7 Stunden, genug um neben näher gelegenen Galaxien auch das Licht besonders schwacher und weit entfernter Himmelsobjekte einzufangen.  Galaxien mit deutlichen Strukturen wie die Spiralgalaxie, die man in der oberen linken Bildecke nahezu von der Seite sieht, sind nur wenige Milliarden Lichtjahre von uns entfernt. Die schwächeren, undeutlicheren Objekte sind dagegen so weit weg, dass ihr Licht neun oder zehn Milliarden Jahre gebracuht hat, um uns zu erreichen.

Die COMBO-17-Durchmusterung ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug bei der Untersuchung der verteilung Dunkler Materie in Galaxien. Die Dunkle Materie ist eine geheimnisvolle Substanz, die Licht weder emittiert noch absorbiert, und die nur über die Wirkung ihrer Schwerkraft auf andere Objekte nachgewiesen werden kann. Einige der näher liegenden Galaxien auf dem Bild fungieren als Linsen, die das Licht der dahinterliegenden Galaxien ablenken. Über die Messung der dadurch entstehenden Verzerrung des Bildes, einen Effekt den man den Gravitationslinseneffekt nennt, können Astronomen die Verteilung der Dunklen Materie in den Linsengalaxien berechnen.

Die Verzerrung ist sehr schwach und daher für das bloße Auge nahezu unmerklich. Da eine Himmelsdurchmusterung in 17 Farbbändern aber besonders präzise Entfernungsmessungen ermöglicht, kann man auch ermitteln, ob zwei Galaxien, die am Himmel nahe beieinanderstehen, nicht deutlich voneinander abweichende Entfernungen von der Erde haben. Nahcdem man solche Linsensysteme identifiziert hat, lässt sich die Verzerrung bestimmen, indem man über mehrere Tausend Galaxien mittelt. Im Rahmen der COMBO-17-Durchmusterung konnten mehr als 4000 solche Gravitatinslinsensysteme identifiziert werden - eine hervorragende Methode um die Dunkle materie besser zu verstehen.

Dieses Bild  wurde aus den Aufnahmen von dreien der 17 Filter des Projektes zusammengesetzt: B (blau), V (grün) und R (rot). Daten, die mit zusätzlichen Nahinfrarotfiltern aufgenommen wurden, sind ebenfalls Bestandteil.

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ESO

Über das Bild

ID:potw1202a
Sprache:de
Typ:Beobachtung
Veröffentlichungsdatum:9. Januar 2012 10:00
Größe:7664 x 6961 px

Über das Objekt

Name:COMBO-17 survey
Typ:Early Universe : Galaxy : Grouping : Cluster
Constellation:Virgo

Bildformate

Großes JPEG
12,4 MB

Skalierbar


Bildschirm-Hintergrundbilder

1024x768
218,0 KB
1280x1024
330,9 KB
1600x1200
442,6 KB
1920x1200
496,2 KB
2048x1536
661,1 KB

Koordinaten

Position (RA):11 42 55.95
Position (Dec):-1° 42' 41.29"
Field of view:30.41 x 27.62 arcminutes
Orientierung:Die Nordrichtung liegt 0.1° rechts zur Vertikale

Farben & Filter

SpektralbereichWellenlängeTeleskop
Optisch
B
440 nmMPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope
WFI
Optisch
V
550 nmMPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope
WFI
Optisch
R
650 nmMPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope
WFI
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