Mitteilung

Hauchdünner Spiegel für schärfere Sternabbildungen

2. März 2012

Die französische Firma SAGEM hat für das Very Large Telescope der ESO einen extrem dünnen Spiegel hergestellt - 1120 Millimeter im Durchmesser aber nur 2 Millimeter dick, viel dünner als eine normale Fensterscheibe. Der Spiegel muss so dünn sein, um wie eine flexible Membran arbeiten zu können. Nach der Installation im Teleskop wird die Form der reflektierenden Oberfläche ständig den sich ändernden Eigenschaften der bildverschlechternden Erdatmosphäre angepasst, um schärfere Bilder zu erzeugen.

Der Spiegel besteht aus keramischem Material, das sehr präzise zur endgültigen Form poliert wurde. Der Herstellungsprozess startet mit einem Block aus der Glaskeramik Zerodur, das von der deutschen Firma Schott als Block mit einer Dicke von mehr als 70mm geliefert wurde. Der Großteil des Materials wird in einem Schleifprozess abgetragen. Die Herausforderung bestand darin, während des Herstellungsprozesses im Material möglichst wenig Druck und nur geringe Spannungen zu erzeugen.

Die Herstellung und der Test eines solchen Spiegels ist eine enorme Herausforderung, die SAGEM mit der sorgfältigen Kontrolle der Herstellrisiken gelungen ist. Der gelieferte Spiegel erfüllt die Anforderungen der ESO.

Der neue Spiegel ist der Hauptbestandteil des neuen Sekundärspiegels für eines der vier VLT Hauptteleskope, der den alten Spiegel ersetzten soll. Er wird Teil des neuen Systems Adaptiver Optik (Adaptive Optics Facility, oder kurz AOF) für das VLT. Der komplette Spiegel wird auf einem steifen Rahmen montiert (ann1056), der mit Hilfe von 1170 Aktuatoren und 1170 kleinen, auf die Rückseite des Spiegels geklebten Magneten Kräfte auf den Spiegel aufbringen kann. Die Form der reflektierenden Oberfläche wird bis zu 1000 mal pro Sekunde mit dem Aktuatoren angepasst, um den Einfluss der turbulenten Erdatmosphäre zu korrigieren und damit deutlich schärfere Aufnahmen zu gewinnen.

Das neue AOF-System wird das gleichzeitig entwickelte neue Laserleitsternsystem einsetzen (ann12012).

Seit 2004 finanziert die ESO mit Hilfe der Europäischen Kommission die Entwicklung des Knowhows für dünne Spiegel in Europa. Die ESO ist sehr erfreut die Früchte dieser Anstrengungen dank der Kompetenz und Entschlossenheit von SAGEM zu ernten.

Der neue, dünne Spiegel und das AOF-System bahnen den Weg für das nächste ESO-Projekt: das European Extremly Large Telescope (E-ELT). Der Aufbau dieses Instruments treibt die Entwicklung neuer fortschrittlicher Technologien wie deformierbarer Spiegel mit einer großen Anzahl von Aktuatoren und hauchdünner Spiegel voran. Die Techniken sind direkt auf das gewaltige 40-Meter-Teleskop übertragbar. Das E-ELT-Design beinhaltet einen 2,4-Meter-Spiegel, der technologisch von dem neuen System Adaptiver Optik geprägt sein wird.

Links

Kontaktinformationen

Carolin Liefke
ESO Science Outreach Network - Haus der Astronomie
Heidelberg, Deutschland
Tel: 06221 528 226
E-Mail: eson-germany@eso.org

Robin Arsenault
ESO Deutschland
Tel: 089 3200 6524
E-Mail: rarsenau@eso.org

Richard Hook
ESO, La Silla, Paranal and E-ELT Press Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: 089 3200 6655
E-Mail: rhook@eso.org

Über die Mitteilung

ID:ann12015

Bilder

Dünner Spiegel für die adaptive Optik am Very Large Telescope der ESO
Dünner Spiegel für die adaptive Optik am Very Large Telescope der ESO
Dünner Spiegel für die adaptive Optik am Very Large Telescope der ESO
Dünner Spiegel für die adaptive Optik am Very Large Telescope der ESO

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