L’instrument SPHERE révèle les petits mondes rocheux et glacés de notre système solaire
Ces images ont été prises par l’instrument SPHERE installé au Very Large Telescope (VLT) de l’observatoire de Paranal de l’ESO au Chili. Ces images étonnamment détaillées révèlent quatre astéroïdes de la ceinture principale d'astéroïdes située entre Mars et Jupiter, une région qui sépare les planètes rocheuses du système solaire interne des planètes gazeuses et glacées du système solaire externe.
Les astéroïdes présentés ici sont respectivement (dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre en partant du haut à gauche) (29) Amphitrite, (324) Bamberga, (2) Pallas et (89) Julie. Nommé d’après la déesse grecque Pallas Athena, (2) Pallas possède un diamètre d’environ 510 kilomètres et il représente environ 7% de la masse de la ceinture principale - si pesant qu’il était classifié auparavant comme une planète.
Avec un diamètre environ trois fois plus petit que celui de Pallas, (89) Julie est appelé ainsi en honneur de sainte Julie. Sa composition rocheuse a conduit à sa classification comme un astéroïde de type S. (29) Amphitrite, découvert en 1854, est également un astéroïde de type S. (324) Bamberga, bien qu’étant un des plus gros astéroïdes de type C de la ceinture principale avec un diamètre d’environ 220 kilomètres, ne fut découvert que tardivement en 1892 par Johann Palisa. Aujourd’hui, on pense que les astéroïdes de type C ne se seraient pas formés in situ mais plus vraisemblablement dans le système solaire externe au delà de Jupiter. Ces derniers auraient atterri dans la ceinture principale à la suite de la migration des planètes géantes. Il en découle que ces objets pourraient être riche en glace.
Bien que la ceinture d’astéroïdes est souvent représentée dans la science-fiction comme un endroit de violentes collions, pleine de grandes roches trop dangereuses même pour le meilleur pilote de vaisseau spatial, c’est en fait un endroit peu dense. Au total la ceinture d’astéroïdes ne contient que 4% de la masse de la Lune, dont environ la moitié est contenue dans ses quatre résidents principaux: Cérès, (4) Vesta, (2) Pallas et (10) Hygie.
Crédit:
ESO/Vernazza et al.
À propos de l'image
| Identification: | potw1749a |
| Langage: | fr |
| Type: | Planétaire |
| Date de publication: | 4 décembre 2017 06:00 |
| Taille: | 1075 x 1075 px |
À propos de l'objet
| Nom: | 29 Amphitrite, 2 Pallas, 324 Bamberga, 89 Julia |
| Type: | Solar System : Interplanetary Body : Asteroid |
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