Přizpůsobena extrémům
Dnešní Obrázek týdne zachycuje dvě odlišné rodiny: sbírku antén ALMA a trio vicuñas (česky vikuňa), savce čeledi velbloudovitých a příbuzné lam a alpak. Na rozdíl od všeho ostatního jsou subjekty tohoto snímku spojené s jejich extrémně nehostinnou domovinou vysoko v chilských Andách.
Místo, které vidíme, je náhorní plošina Chajnantor. Místo, kde se ve výšce 5 000 metrů nad hladinou moře nachází Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA). Umístění plošiny z ní dělá jedno z nejsušších míst na planetě Zemi. Její vyprahlost je pro pozorování s ALMou přímo perfektní. ALMA totiž hledá kosmické signály ze studeného vesmíru, které jsou snadno pohlceny vlhkostí atmosféry. Společně s pár zamračenými dny v roce a tenkou atmosférou dává poušť tvrdé podmínky, které posunují limity evoluce a inženýrství.
Přijímače ALMA (zařízení, která "chytají" signály z vesmíru) jsou uzavřeny v kryostatech, které je udržují velmi studené, čímž je chrání proti drastickým teplotním výkyvům mezi dnem a nocí. Antény jsou navrženy tak, aby vydržely i extrémně silné povětrnostní podmínky – vítr zde může dosahovat rychlosti až 100 kilometrů v hodině! S ohledem na řidší vzduch je elektronika ALMA chlazená extrarychle točícími se větráky. Pro pracovníky, tedy techniky a inženýry, kteří místo udržují, je na plošině také povinný přenosný lékařský kyslík, aby se zamezilo akutní horské nemoci.
Stejně jako ALMA jsou i vikuně dobře připraveny na tyto extrémní podmínky. Mají několik evolučních výhod, které jim pomáhají se vypořádat s hustotou vzduchu nebo teplotami. Například mají zvýšenou schopnost vázat kyslík do červených krvinek a srdce o 50 % těžší než podobně velcí savci. Také je chrání hustá vlna, která zachycuje teplý vzduch, aby je později udržela v teple během chladných nocí nebo také tvoří dýchatelnou bariéru, aby se přes den vikuně nepřehřály.
Kredit:S. Otarola/ESO
O snímku
| Id: | potw2619a |
| Jazyk: | cs |
| Typ: | Fotografický |
| Datum zveřejnění: | 11. května 2026 6:00 |
| Velikost: | 7360 x 4912 px |
O objektu
| Jméno: | ALMA AOS, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array |
| Typ: | Unspecified : Technology : Observatory |
Image Formats
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