Nota de prensa

VLT captura estrella fugitiva

9 de Noviembre de 2005

Desde el Observatorio Paranal (II Región) se logró fotografiar una estrella que recorre el espacio a una velocidad de 2,6 millones de kilómetros por hora, y que habría sido expulsada por la Nube Grande de Magallanes.

Usando el Very Large Telescope (VLT) en Cerro Paranal (II Región de Chile), un grupo de astrónomos logró fotografiar una estrella masiva que se mueve a más 2,6 millones de kilómetros por hora.

“A esa velocidad, la estrella tardaría menos de un minuto en dar una vuelta entera a la Tierra”, dice Uli Heber, líder del grupo formado por científicos de la Universidad de Erlangen-Nürnberg (Alemania) y del Centro de Investigación Astrofísica de la Universidad de Hertfordshire (Inglaterra).

La posición de la estrella en el cielo sugiere que fue expulsada desde la Nube Grande de Magallanes, la galaxia más cercana a la Vía Láctea. Lo anterior indicaría la presencia de un agujero negro masivo en la Nube Grande de Magallanes, el cual habría ocasionado la expulsión de la estrella.

Los resultados de esta investigación serán publicados dentro de poco en la revista científica Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Una estrella masiva

La estrella masiva HE0457-5439, como se conoce a la estrella “fugitiva”, fue descubierta durante el programa de rastreo Hamburg/ESO y se encuentra en las afueras del halo de la Vía Láctea.

“Este es un lugar poco usual para una estrella de este tipo: las estrellas masivas se encuentran comúnmente en el disco de la Vía Láctea”, explica Ralf Napiwotzki, otro integrante del equipo. “Los datos que obtuvimos con el instrumento UVES del Very Large Telescope, en Paranal, confirman que la estrella es bastante joven y posee una composición química similar a la de nuestro Sol”.

La edad estimada es 30 millones de años y tiene una masa ocho veces mayor que la del Sol. 

Las observaciones también revelaron la alta velocidad de la estrella, aclarando así el acertijo de su actual ubicación: esta estrella no se formó en los confines de nuestra galaxia, la Vía Láctea, sino que llegó hasta allí durante su viaje interestelar, o incluso intergaláctico.

“Cuando calculamos cuánto tardaría la estrella en viajar desde el centro de nuestra galaxia hasta su posición actual, descubrimos que equivaldría a tres veces su edad”, explica Heber. “O bien la estrella es más vieja de lo que parece, o nació y se aceleró en otro lugar”, agrega.

De hecho, la estrella se encuentra a 160 mil años luz de nosotros, cerca de una de las galaxias satélites de la Vía Láctea, la Nube Grande de Magallanes.

Los astrónomos consideran probable que la estrella haya alcanzado su posición actual tras ser expulsada desde el centro de la Nube Grande de Magallanes, debido a un agujero negro masivo que le habría dado el impulso necesario a las estrella.

Otra posible explicación es que la estrella sea el resultado de la fusión de dos astros. En este caso, la estrella sería más vieja de lo que se cree, dándole tiempo para haber viajado desde el centro de la Vía Láctea.

Para confirmar una de las dos teorías, los astrónomos planean realizar observaciones aún más detalladas que aclaren por fin el origen de esta estrella fugitiva. 

Contactos

Ralf Napiwotzki
Centre for Astrophysics Research University of Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire, UK
Teléfono: +44 1707 286071
Correo electrónico: rn@star.herts.ac.uk

Uli Heber
Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Bamberg, Germany
Teléfono: +49 951 9522214
Correo electrónico: heber@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de

Francisco Rodríguez (Contacto para medios de comunicación en Chile)
Red de Difusión Científica de ESO y European Southern Observatory
Teléfono: +56-2-463-3151
Correo electrónico: eson-chile@eso.org

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Esta es una traducción de la nota de prensa de ESO eso0536.

Acerca de la nota de prensa

Nota de prensa No.:eso0536es-cl
Legacy ID:PR 27/05
Nombre:HE 0437-5439
Tipo:Milky Way : Star : Type : Blue Straggler
Facility:Very Large Telescope
Instruments:UVES
Science data:2005ApJ...634L.181E

Imágenes

La estrella masiva HE 0457-5439
La estrella masiva HE 0457-5439

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