Pressemeddelelse

-og rumvejret: De mørke skyer spreder sig, og vil give plads for nogen solskin

3. september 2014

Den edderkoppeformede gas- og støvsky Lupus 4 spærrer for baggrundsstjernerne, ligesom en mørk sky gør det på en måneskinsløs nat på dette flotte nye billede. Selvom skyen ser skummel ud nu, er der tætte lommer af stof inden i Lupus 4 og andre skyer som den, hvor der dannes nye stjerner. De vil senere sprede skydækket og lyse ud fra deres plads inden i skyerne. Billedet er optaget med Wide Field Imager udstyret på MPG/ESO 2,2 m teleskopet på ESOs La Silla observatorium i Chile.

Lupus 4 befinder sig omkring 400 lysår fra Jorden, og den ligger på grænsen imellem stjernebillederne Lupus (Ulven) og Norma. Der er flere skyer af samme slags i området, i en åben stjernehob, som kaldes Scorpius-Centaurus OB associationen. En OB association er en relativt ung, men meget spredt samling af stjerner [1]. Stjernerne stammer sandsynligvis alle fra den samme enorme sky af støv og gasarter.

 Når man arbejder med stjernernes tidlige dannelseshistorie, er Lupusskyerne særligt spændende, fordi de ligger så forholdsvis tæt på os. Unge stjerner spredes med tiden fra hinanden, og vores egen Sol er dannet under lignende forhold. Det sker for de fleste stjerner i vores galakse, Mælkevejen.

 Den første til at beskrive Lupusskyerne i astronomilitteratuern var den amerikanske astronom Edward Emerson Barnard. Det skete i 1927. Lupus 3 er den, vi bedst kender. Den er nabo til Lupus 4, og den indeholder mindst 40 nyudklækkede stjerner, som er dannet i løbet af de seneste 3 millioner år. De er lige på nippet til at tændes som rigtige stjerner (eso1303). Energikilden i disse ungdommelige stjerner, som kaldes T Tauristjerner, er den varme, som opstår fordi de trækker sig sammen. Voksne stjerner som Solen får deres energi fra en anden kilde, nemlig fusion, eller sammensmeltning af hydrogen (brint) og andre grundstoffer.

 I det kolde indre af Lupus 4 er der kun opdaget nogle få T Tauristjerner, men tågen lover godt i denne henseende, for den har en tæt, men stjernetom kerne. I løbet af få millioner år vil den kerne udvikle sig til T Tauristjerner. Lupus 3 er ældre end Lupus 4, og det kan man se netop fordi der er udviklet flere stjerner i den førstnævnte.

 Hvor mange stjerner kommer der så til at stråle ud fra det indre af Lupus 4? Det kommer an på, hvor meget stof den indeholder, og det er der delte meninger om. I to undersøgelser er man enige om  en samlet masse på omkring 250 gange Solens, men i en anden undersøgelse, med en anden metode ender med et overslag på 1600 solmasser. Uanset hvem, der har ret, vil skyen blive til masser af klare nye stjerner. Ligesom skyerne her på Jorden på et eller andet tidspunkt spreder sig og giver plads for solskinnet igen, så vil denne skumle kosmiske sky også sprede sig, så det klare stjernelys trænger ud.

Noter

[1] Betegnelsen "OB" henviser til de varme, klare og kortlivede stjerner af typerne O og B, som endnu lyser i den spredte hob, mens den bevæger sig igennem Mælkevejen.

Mere information

ESO er den fremmeste fællesnationale astronomiorganisation i Europa, og verdens langt mest produktive jordbaserede astronomiske observatorium. 15 lande er med i ESO: Belgien, Brazilien, Danmark, Finland, Frankrig, Italien, Nederlandene, Portugal, Spanien, Sverige, Schweiz, Storbritannien, Tjekkiet, Tyskland og Østrig. ESO har et ambitiøst program, som gør det muligt for astronomer at gøre vigtige videnskabelige opdagelser. Programmet har focus på design, konstruktion og drift af stærke jordbaserede observatorier. Desuden har ESO en ledende rolle i formidling og organisering af samarbejde omkring astronomisk forskning. ESO driver tre enestående observatorier i verdensklasse i Chile: La Silla, Paranal og Chajnantor. På Paranal driver ESO VLT, Very Large Telescope, som er verdens mest avancerede observatorium for synligt lys, samt to oversigtsteleskoper. VISTA, som observerer i infrarødt, er verdens største oversigtsteleskop, og VLT Survey Teleskopet er det største teleskop bygget til at overvåge himlen i synligt lys. ESO er Europas partner i ALMA, som er det største eksisterende astronomiprojekt. For tiden planlægges E-ELT, et 39 m optisk og nærinfrarødt teleskop, som bliver "verdens største himmeløje".

 

Links

Billeder af MPG/ESO 2,2 m teleskopet

Andre billeder taget med MPG/ESO 2,2 m teleskopet

Billeder fra La Silla observatoriet

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Dette er en oversættelse af ESO pressemeddelelse eso1427 lavet af ESON - et netværk af personer i ESOs medlemslande, der er kontaktpunkter for medierne i forbindelse med ESO nyheder, pressemeddelelser mm.

Om pressemeddelelsen

Pressemeddelelse nr.:eso1427da
Navn:Lupus 4
Type:Milky Way : Nebula : Appearance : Dark
Facility:MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope
Instruments:WFI

Billeder

Den mørke sky Lupus 4
Den mørke sky Lupus 4
Stjernebilledet Lupus med den mørke sky markeret
Stjernebilledet Lupus med den mørke sky markeret
Vidvinkelkig på området omkring den mørke sky Lupus 4
Vidvinkelkig på området omkring den mørke sky Lupus 4

Videoer

Zoom ind til den mørke sky Lupus 4
Zoom ind til den mørke sky Lupus 4
Et tæt kig på den mørke sky Lupus 4
Et tæt kig på den mørke sky Lupus 4

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