European
Southern
Observatory
ESO Science Newsletter August 2024
30 Aug 2024

This newsletter is a summary of recent ESO Science Announcement items. Follow the links or visit ESO Science Announcements to read more.



Science Announcements


Call for Proposals for ESO Telescopes for Period 115

29 Aug 2024:

The Call for Proposals for observations at ESO telescopes in Period 115 (1 April 2025 – 30 September 2025) has been released. Please consult the Period 115 document before applying for time on ESO telescopes. All technical information about the offered instruments and facilities can be found on the ESO webpages linked from the Call for Proposals. The proposal submission deadline is on 26 September 2024, 12:00 CEST.

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Second Generation Deformable Secondary Mirror Phase A Study Kicked-off

27 Aug 2024:

On the 16th April 2024, the ESO Directors Team approved a Phase A project to investigate the possibility of installing a second-generation deformable secondary mirror (2GDSM) at the VLT. In addition to providing a full cost and feasibility estimate, the Phase A study will evaluate the best location for the 2GDSM, by investigating the technical and scientific impact of possible combinations of instruments.

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Upcoming Releases of ALMA Observatory Project Data for "A 5-pc-Scale Study of Molecular Clouds in the Antennae" and "B3 observation of a super-deep field in HDF-S"

26 Aug 2024:

The ALMA Observatory is starting the release process of the data acquired in the Observatory Projects 2022.A.00032.S ("A 5-pc-Scale Study of Molecular Clouds in the Antennae") and 2022.A.00034.S ("B3 observation of a super-deep field in HDF-S"). The status of the data delivery can be checked through the corresponding link for each project. The same links can be used to download the data once they are delivered. These ALMA Science Archive links can also be accessed from the main page for the Observatory Projects.

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Completion of the ALMA Development Study on the Atmospheric Model

23 Aug 2024:

A development study aimed at validating and improving the current atmospheric radiative transfer model implemented for ALMA (atmospheric transmission model, ATM) has been successfully completed. The model is important for both planning and helping in the calibration of ground-based observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths.

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A Memorial for Tom Marsh on La Silla

23 Aug 2024:

On 16 September 2022, Tom Marsh – the founding professor of astrophysics at the University of Warwick – was reported missing on La Silla. On 10 November 2022, the Chilean authorities announced that they had found Tom’s body approximately 2.5 km from the summit. Tom’s family, friends and colleagues, with the considerable help of ESO staff, have recently installed a memorial for him on La Silla.

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ESO Fellowship Programme 2025

23 Aug 2024:

ESO’s prestigious postdoctoral fellowship programme in both Garching (Germany) and Santiago (Chile) offers outstanding early-career scientists the opportunity to further develop their independent research programmes. From exoplanets to cosmology, observational, theoretical and fundamental astrophysics, these are all areas where ESO Fellows can benefit from a highly dynamic scientific environment, at some of the most advanced ground-based telescopes in the world. Do watch ESOCast 165 to hear what previous ESO fellows have to say about the fellowship programme or watch the virtual tour to ESO’s premises from 2020 or 2021 where young scientists could ask questions about the fellowship programme.

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ESO Workshop "Towards New Frontiers: The Astrochemical Journey from Young Stellar Nurseries to Exoplanets", Garching bei München (Germany), 10-14 March 2025

23 Aug 2024:

The workshop will focus on understanding the chemical composition and evolution of young star and planet-forming systems, leveraging recent advancements in observational techniques from facilities like ALMA, NOEMA, VLA and JWST. Key questions include how molecular content evolves and influences exoplanet chemistry. The workshop aims to explore current knowledge and limitations, foster collaboration, and provide insights into future observational advancements with upcoming ESO facilities and new instruments. The workshop will take place at ESO Garching (Germany), from 10 to 14 March 2025. Further information including the rationale, the program and the list of invited speakers, can be found at the workshop webpage. Registration and abstract submission will open on October 1.

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Reminder: KMOS Call for Letters of Intent Deadline

23 Aug 2024:

As announced on June 4th, 2024 ESO is issuing a call for letters of intent for public surveys with KMOS, with a deadline for submission of 15 October 2024 at 12:00 CEST.

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Take Part in the MUSE Data Challenge!

23 Aug 2024:

As part of the Decade of discoveries with MUSE workshop being held in Garching from the 18th-22nd of November this year, the conference organisers have issued a data challenge, designed to make progress towards the common problems related to the reduction and analysis of IFS data. More information and participation details are available. The conference organisers welcome submissions from any interested party, all of which will be collated and presented for discussion during the conference.

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Apply Now for ESO Studentships – Second Annual Call

16 Aug 2024:

Are you a PhD student eager to dive into the cutting-edge scientific world at one of the most prestigious observatories on the planet? The ESO research studentship programme offers you a chance to do just that. This exceptional programme is open to students enrolled in a PhD programme in astronomy or related fields. Yo will continue your doctoral research under the formal supervision of your home university, but with the added benefit of spending a minimum of six months (Chile) or one year (Germany), and up to two years at ESO, working closely with a dedicated ESO staff astronomer.

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La Silla Observing School 2025

16 Aug 2024:

ESO is happy to announce the next La Silla Observing School, which will be held in February 2025 at the ESO premises in Santiago de Chile and at the La Silla Observatory.  

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The Successful Completion of the First Joint VLT/ALMA Observing Proposal

12 Aug 2024:

The newly offered possibility of proposing joint observations using both the VLT and ALMA has demonstrated the unique synergies made possible by closely coordinated observations by those two facilities. By obtaining multiple epochs of nearly-contemporary observations of a protoplanetary disk with the VLT instrument SPHERE and with ALMA, respectively tracing the surface and the midplane layers of the disk, an international team is aiming at understanding how fast the disk can cool under the shadows and derive the cooling timescale, a critical parameter of disk evolution models (prog ID 113.269Z, PI Benisty).

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New Data Release from the APEX 'Core And Filament Formation and Evolution In Natal Environments' (CAFFEINE) Project

15 Jul 2024:

This collection contains imaging data products for the observing programme CAFFEINE whose data were acquired with the ArTéMiS camera at the APEX telescope from 2018 to 2022. The 48 imaged fields cover a total area of more than ~ 2.5 deg2, focused on the dense (AV > 10) parts of molecular clouds within about 3 kpc from the Sun. The released products include, per each field the 350 μm and 450 μm intensity maps with resolutions of 8'' and 10'' (half-power beam width), their related weight maps and multi-resolution H2 column density maps. These datasets have been carefully calibrated and combined with Herschel/SPIRE data to recover large-scale emission that cannot be detected from the ground with ArTéMiS. The column density maps have been derived by including additional Herschel data at 160 μm and 250 μm and have a resolution ranging from ~8'' in their denser inner parts (AV > 40) to 18.2'' in the lower-density outer parts (AV < 40). For more details, refer to the accompanying release documentation or the publication by Mattern et al.  

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Upcoming ESO or ESO-related workshops
 

The technology around Artificial Intelligence (AI) has nowadays achieved remarkable performances in terms of speed, response quality, affordability to the public and reliability. The use of AI technologies will soon (if not already!) play a significant role in the way scientists, and astronomers in particular, process data, write and evaluate applications of all sorts (research grants, observing proposals, job applications), or more generally, the way research is done in astronomy. Beyond the impact on the way science is done, AI might have a non-negligible sociological impact, overtaking some of the tasks currently requiring human intervention, hence removing or mitigating the need of a variety of skills (e.g., programming, peer-review and evaluations, administrative tasks).

 

The aim of this workshop is to unite researchers across diverse fields to exchange fresh insights into the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and its impact on shaping the evolution of galaxies. Specifically, we aim to explore and elucidate the interplay between the different diffuse media (circum and intergalactic media) and the stellar and interstellar components of galaxies throughout cosmic history. Additionally, we intend to delve into existing observational and computational constraints, while outlining the most promising methodologies for studying diffuse media, particularly in light of the forthcoming ELTs and new instrumentation.

 

Gas flowing into, out of, and around galaxies plays a key role in shaping how their properties evolve over cosmic time. The mechanisms driving these behaviors are poorly understood, largely because we lack detailed knowledge of fundamental gas properties across multiple scales and phases. Tackling these issues necessarily requires a multi-wavelength approach. Fortunately, the southern hemisphere hosts the most comprehensive suite of observational facilities available for tackling this topic, in the form of the ESO, ALMA, the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) precursors (MWA, ASKAP and MeerKAT), and very soon, the SKA-Mid and SKA-Low telescopes.

This conference is supported and sponsored by both ESO and the SKA as it supports the joint science of both facilities that will be dominant in astronomy in the coming decade. It brings together astronomers from optical/IR, FIR/submm, radio, and theory domains, with the common interest of understanding the evolving role of gas in galaxies over cosmic time using ESO and SKA facilities.

 

The workshop will focus on understanding the chemical composition and evolution of young star and planet-forming systems, leveraging recent advancements in observational techniques from facilities like ALMA, NOEMA, VLA and JWST. Key questions include how molecular content evolves and influences exoplanet chemistry. The workshop aims to explore current knowledge and limitations, foster collaboration, and provide insights into future observational advancements with upcoming ESO facilities and new instruments.

 

Join ESO for a special conference to celebrate Bruno Leibundgut’s 65th birthday and to unveil a value of the Hubble constant.

 

Variability in young stellar objects (YSOs) has long been observed, both photometrically and spectroscopically, across a range of amplitudes and timescales (hours, days, and years). This variability happens at the time of formation of stars and planets, two closely linked events. With new results from recent and ongoing observational studies, it is a perfect time to bring together experts in this field to address the open questions on YSO variability.