Overheads (valid for P94)
La Silla
Telescope | Instrument | Action | Time (minutes) |
---|---|---|---|
3.6m | Preset | 5 | |
3.6m | Preset, within a few degrees from previous target | 2 | |
3.6m | Focussing | 10 | |
HARPS | Fibre automatic redefinition, object centering on fibre, start guiding | 1 | |
HARPS | Instrument configuration | 0.5 | |
HARPS | Readout+writing image to disk (416 kpx/s speed) | 0.38 | |
HARPS | Readout+writing image to disk (104 kpx/s speed) | 1.45 | |
HARPS | Minimum time between exposures | 0.53 | |
HARPS | Switching between ThAr and Iodine modes | 5 | |
HARPS | HARPS/EGGS or HARPS/CES instrument change | 1 | |
HARPS | Polarimeter insertion: circular | 0.25 | |
HARPS | Polarimeter insertion: linear | 0.5 | |
HARPS | Polarimeter insertion: switching linear/circular | 0.25 | |
HARPS | Polarimeter rotation | 0.2 | |
NTT | Preset | 10 | |
SOFI | Imaging | ~30% of integration time | |
SOFI | Spectroscopy | ~25% of integration time | |
EFOCS2 | Readout + writing file to disk: slow, 1x1 | 2.67 | |
EFOCS2 | Readout + writing file to disk: slow, 2x2 | 1.33 | |
EFOCS2 | Readout + writing file to disk: normal,1x1 | 1.17 | |
EFOCS2 | Readout + writing file to disk: normal, 2x2 | 0.67 | |
EFOCS2 | Readout + writing file to disk: fast, 1x1 | 0.40 | |
EFOCS2 | Readout + writing file to disk: fast, 2x2 | 0.17 | |
EFOCS2 | Spectroscopic acquisition: | ||
EFOCS2 | -: Setup | 1 | |
EFOCS2 | -: 2 cycles, see readout above | ||
EFOCS2 | Spectroscopic acquisition, narrow slit: add | 1 |
Paranal
Telescope | Instrument | Action | Time (minutes) |
---|---|---|---|
UT1 | Preset | 6 | |
UT1 | Preset (2nd OB and following in a concatenation) | 0.67+(target separation in deg)/60 | |
NACO | see User Manual | --- | |
FORS2 | Acquisition (1 cycle w/o exp. time)[1] | 1.5 or 2 | |
FORS2 | Through Slit Image (2 cycles w/o exp. times)[2] | 4 | |
FORS2 | Instrument Setup | 1 | |
FORS2 | Retarder Plate Setup per PMOS/IPOL OB | 1 | |
FORS2 | Read-out 100kHz binned (spectroscopy) | 0.7 | |
FORS2 | Read-out 200kHz binned (imaging) | 0.5 | |
KMOS | Acquisition, MOSAIC setup | 0 | |
KMOS | Acquisition, non-MOSAIC setup, without exposure time, per cycle (2 cycles usually necessary): | ||
KMOS | - : read-out + writing image to disk | 0.10 | |
KMOS | - : interaction + image reconstruction | 0.58 | |
KMOS | Acquisition (2nd OB in a concatenation, MOSAIC and non-MOSAIC setups): arms parking and deployment | 4 | |
KMOS | Read-out + writing image to disk | 0.10 | |
KMOS | Image reconstruction | 0.33 | |
KMOS | Offset (dither, i.e. within individual IFUs) | 0.15 | |
KMOS | Offset to sky | 0.75 | |
UT2 | Preset | 6 | |
UT2 | Preset (2nd OB and following in a concatenation) | 0.67+(target separation in deg)/60 | |
FLAMES | Acquisition[3] | 9 | |
FLAMES | Instr. Setup GIRAFFE | 1 | |
FLAMES | Instr. Setup UVES | 1 | |
FLAMES | CCD read-out GIRAFFE | 1 | |
FLAMES | CCD read-out UVES | 1 | |
FLAMES | Screen Flatfields | 7 | |
FLAMES | Plate Configuration[4] | 0-20 | |
XSHOOTER | Target acquisition | 3-5 | |
XSHOOTER | Telescope offsetting | 0.25 | |
XSHOOTER | Instrument setup Slit | 0.5 | |
XSHOOTER | Delay before start of exposure: UVB | 0 sec | |
XSHOOTER | Delay before start of exposure: VIS | 5 sec | |
XSHOOTER | Delay before start of exposure: NIR | 10 sec | |
XSHOOTER | UVB Read-out[6], 1x1, Slow/Fast | 68/16 sec | |
XSHOOTER | UVB Read-out[6], 1x2, Slow/Fast | 34/8 sec | |
XSHOOTER | UVB Read-out[6], 2x2, Slow/Fast | 17/4 sec | |
XSHOOTER | VIS Read-out[6], 1x1, Slow/Fast | 89/21 sec | |
XSHOOTER | VIS Read-out[6], 1x2, Slow/Fast | 45/11 sec | |
XSHOOTER | VIS Read-out[6], 2x2, Slow/Fast | 22/5 sec | |
XSHOOTER | NIR Read-out (per DIT) | 1.46 sec | |
XSHOOTER | AG camera detector Read-out | 1 sec | |
UVES | Instrument Setup | 1 | |
UVES | Acquisition. Bright Point Source | 2 | |
UVES | Acquisition. Faint, Extended or Crowded Field | 5 | |
UVES | Read-out[7], 1x1, Fast | 0.75 | |
UVES | Read-out[7], 2x2, Slow | 0.75 | |
UVES | Attached ThAr, Night time | 1.5 | |
UVES | Attached Flat, Night time | 2 | |
UT3 | Preset | 6 | |
UT3 | Preset (2nd OB and following in a concatenation) | 0.67+(target separation in deg)/60 | |
VIMOS | IMG acquisition + Instrument setup | 3 | |
VIMOS | MOS acquisition + Instrument setup | 15 | |
VIMOS | IFU acquisition + Instrument setup | 10 | |
VIMOS | Read-out IMG,MOS,IFU (4 quadrants) | 1 | |
VIMOS | Change of Filter (IMG) | 3 | |
VIMOS | Attached screen flat+arc (IFU, MOS)[8] | 5-8 | |
UT4 | Preset | 6 | |
UT4 | Preset (2nd OB and following in a concatenation) | 0.67+(target separation in deg)/60 | |
HAWK-I | Blind acquisition and Instrument Setup | 1 | |
HAWK-I | Acquisition (Move to Pixel) and Instrument Setup | 3 | |
HAWK-I | Telescope offset (large) | 0.75 | |
HAWK-I | Telescope offset (small) | 0.15 | |
HAWK-I | Read Out (per DIT) | 0.03 | |
HAWK-I | Filter Change | 0.35 | |
SINFONI | Acquisition no AO | 3 | |
SINFONI | Acquisition AO (NGS) | 2 + 4*(DIT*NDIT)[9] | |
SINFONI | Acquisition AO (LGS) | 9 + 4*(DIT*NDIT)[9] | |
SINFONI | Acquisition target (AO and no AO) | 4 + 4*(DIT*NDIT) | |
SINFONI | Instrument setup (per grating change) | 2.5 | |
SINFONI | Science exposure read-out (per DIT) | 0.07 | |
SINFONI | Detector setup (per DIT x NDIT) | 0.3 | |
MUSE | Interactive acquisition loop | 2 | |
MUSE | Acquisition: Slow Guiding System loop closure | 1.5 | |
MUSE | Detector setup | 0.25 | |
MUSE | Detector readout + file merging | 1.33 | |
MUSE | Telescope offset | 0.25 | |
MUSE | Slow Guiding System closure after a large offset | 1.5 | |
MUSE | Derotator offset | 0.00185/deg | |
MUSE | Attached calibration: 5 Flat-Fields | 4.17+1.77/flat-field | |
MUSE | Attached calibrations: 3 wavelength calibration | 3+1.87/arc lamp exposure (1 exposure per lamp) | |
VLTI | |||
AMBER | One calibrated visibility CAL-SCI-CAL, LR, MR, HR [10] | 15+45*(number of bands)[11] | |
AMBER | One calibrated visibility SCI-CAL, LR, MR, HR [10] | 10+30*(number of bands)[11] | |
AMBER | One extended calibrated visibility, CAL-SCI-CAL-SCI-CAL, LR [10], [12] | 100 | |
MIDI | One calibrated Visibility SCI-CAL [10] | 50 | |
MIDI | One calibrated Visibility CAL-SCI-CAL [10] | 75 | |
VISTA | Preset | 2 | |
VISTA | Preset (2nd OB and following in concatenation) | 0.33+ (target separation in deg)/60 | |
VIRCAM | Guide star handling | 0.05 | |
VIRCAM | Autoguiding start | 0.083 | |
VIRCAM | Active Optics start | 0.75 | |
VIRCAM | Filter change | 0.35-0.67 | |
VIRCAM | Detector readout | 0.03 per DIT | |
VIRCAM | Writing FITS to disk | 0.067 | |
VIRCAM | Pawpring change | 0.17 | |
VIRCAM | Jitter offset | 0.067 | |
VIRCAM | Micro step | 0.067 | |
VST | Preset | 2 | |
VST | Offset at template start | 0.25 | |
VST | Set rotator position angle (PA) (abs(PA) < 180) | PA/120 | |
VST | 2nd OB and following in concatenation | ||
VST | - Preset | 0.5+(target separation in deg)/90 | |
VST | - Set Rotator PA | (abs(PA_n)+abs(PA_n+1))/120 [13] | |
OmegaCAM | Guide Star (GS) aquisition | 1 | |
OmegaCAM | Acquisition of new Guide Star after offset | 1 | |
OmegaCAM | Re-acquisition of same Guide Star after offset [14] | 0.08 | |
OmegaCAM | Pick object for Move to Gap acquisition | 0.75 | |
OmegaCAM | Filter exchange between acquisition and 1st science templates: | ||
OmegaCAM | - different magazine | 1.08 | |
OmegaCAM | - same magazine | 1.92 | |
OmegaCAM | Filter exchange between science templates: | ||
OmegaCAM | - different magazine | 0.58 | |
OmegaCAM | - same magazine | 1.42 | |
OmegaCAM | Detector readout and data writing to disk, last exposure of an OB | 0 | |
OmegaCAM | Detector readout and data writing to disk, other exposures | 0.67 | |
OmegaCAM | Start Active Optics/Image Analysis | 3 |
Direct links to instruments on UT1 , UT2, UT3, UT4, VLTI, VISTA, VST.
[1] Typically one cycle for the target acquisition (exposure time of the acquisition image not included). MXU, MOS, and PMOS: 2 min. LSS,IPOL,ECH: 1.5 min (per cycle). IMG none.
[2] Through-slit exposures are mandatory for all spectroscopic OBs. Two cycles are typically enough to center the target on the slit (exposure time of the through slit image not included). MXU,MOS,PMOS,LSS,ECH 2.0 min (per cycle), IMG and IPOL none.
[3] Includes configuration of UVES fibres, homing the rotator to zero degrees, swapping of the plates, and the acquisition of field; telescope preset, acquisition of the guide star, and start of the active optics are not included and account with additional 6 minutes. For ARGUS fast acquisition (VM only), the acquisition overhead is 2 minutes and is calculated assuming that plate 2 is already attached to the telescope.
[4] Plate configuration takes 20 minutes at most (Medusa fibres). This does not translate into additional overheads if the running exposure on the other plate is at least 20 minutes long. Plate configuration overheads have to be added if the exposure time is shorter than 20 minutes.
[6] Detectors are read sequentially.
[7] In a dichroic exposure the CCDs are read out in parallel.
[8] Attached flats and arcs are mandatory for all IFU and MOS modes.
[9] Here: DIT and NDIT as required for the AO natural guide star (NGS).
[10] This time includes all telescope and instrument overheads as well as the integration times on the science target and the calibrator.
[11] With a maximum number of 3 bands per wavelength setting. For each new wavelength setting, a new calibrated visibility has to be obtained.
[12] This sequence can only be used with the LR mode, 1.2 arcsec seeing and thin conditions.
[13] When switching from OBn to OBn+1 in a concatenation, the overhead for repositioning the rotator is (abs(PA(OBn)) + abs(PA(OBn+1)))/(2 deg/s). I.e. for an OB sequence with PA=90 degrees, the overhead per OB is 90s. PAs > 180 or < -180 are interpreted as modulu 360. E.g. PA=270 implies motion to PA=-90.
[14] The default dither sequence 'diagonal' with N=5 exposures will not require to change the guide star. A larger offset sequence increases the overhead due to the reaquisition of a new guide star. For exposures shorter than 1-2 minutes, observations can be performed without guiding.