European
Southern
Observatory
ESO Science Newsletter November 2024
12 Nov 2024

This newsletter is a summary of recent ESO Science Announcement items. Follow the links or visit ESO Science Announcements to read more.



Science Announcements


Nine Letters of Intent for the KMOS Public Surveys Submitted

06 Nov 2024:

By the deadline on October 15, 2024, ESO received nine letters of intent for the ESO public survey with KMOS. These letters of intent cover a wide range of scientific topics from young stellar objects to the evolution of galaxies at cosmic noon and beyond. There are three submitted letters of intent covering galactic and stellar evolution topics, followed by the local universe (two letters of intent) and galaxy evolution at higher redshift (four letters of intent). Nine PIs and more than one hundred co-Is are participating in these scientific projects. The overall total time request is equivalent to an over-subscription by a factor 5.

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ESO Workshop "Galactic Ecosystems under the Microscope: Lessons from Highly-Resolved Studies", ESO Garching, 7-11 July 2025

06 Nov 2024:

This is the initial announcement for the upcoming ESO workshop "Galactic Ecosystems under the Microscope: Lessons from High-Resolution Studies" at ESO Garching, 7-11 July 2025. This workshop will explore the latest developments in resolved galaxy properties and evolution. With next-generation observatories such as JWST, ELT and SKA, and upgrades to ALMA and VLA, a new era is being entered in understanding these critical aspects of galaxies throughout cosmic history.

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ESO Period 115 Proposal Submission Statistics

31 Oct 2024:

The deadline for proposal submission for Period 115 (1 April 2025 - 30 September 2025) was 26 September 2024. 763 valid proposals were submitted. On the VLT, the most demanded ESO instrument was MUSE with a request of 233 nights, followed by ESPRESSO with 214 nights, and XSHOOTER with 182 nights. HARPS/NIRPS on the ESO 3.6-metre telescope was the most demanded instrument at La Silla, with a combined request of 202 nights. The figure above shows the time request since Period 62, for Paranal (VLT/I), La Silla, and APEX. The fluctuations since Period 106 are partly because Large Programmes are offered only in even periods since P106. The highest peak in P106 is due to the extension of the proposal submission deadline during the pandemic.

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ESO Workshop "The Role Of Accretion And Ejection Variability In The Evolution Of Young Stars And Their Disks", Garching bei München, 19-22 May 2025

31 Oct 2024:

This ESO workshop will focus on variability in young stellar objects and its role in the evolution of their protoplanetary disks. Specifically, addressing accretion and ejection variability and their connection to outer disk scales. Such variability is observed at the time of formation of stars and planets, two closely linked events. With the ratio of accretion to ejection still not fully understood, it remains an open question how exactly protoplanetary disks lose their mass and disperse. Since the mass budget within disks directly influences how and where planets can form, it is critical to understand and discuss results from the time-dependent nature of these environments. ESO welcomes researchers to join in May 2025.

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First Data Release from the Large Programme X-Shooting ULLYSES (XShootU)

25 Oct 2024:

The X-Shooting ULLYSES project (XShootU, ESO programme ID 106.211Z) aims to provide near-UV to near-IR spectra for the massive stars targeted by the HST Director’s Discretionary programme ULLYSES. This first public data release (DR1) contains UVB and VIS X-Shooter spectra (wavelength coverage of 300-1020 nm) of 232 massive stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC, SMC). All stars were observed in STARE Mode, using 0.8” and 0.7” slits for the UVB and VIS, respectively, resulting in a resolving power of ~6700 in the UVB and ~11400 in the VIS. The observations were spread on 102 different nights from October 2020 to Juli 2021 and include 129 LMC and 113 SMC stars. Both individual and co-added spectra are included in the release. Generally, individual exposures (INDIV1D) are available as ancillary files, and co-added spectra with UVB and VIS merged (COADD1D) as the main science spectra, except for some of the binaries, for which only the individual exposures are provided. Detailed information is available in the related documentation.

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ESO Conference: VLT, SUPERNOVAE, BRUNO @65 & H₀ @?

14 Oct 2024:

ESO is delighted to announce a special conference in honor of Bruno Leibundgut’s 65th birthday, during which a new value of the Hubble constant will also be revealed. The event will take place at the ESO headquarters in Garching from 7th to 11th April 2025.

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Upcoming ESO or ESO-related workshops
 
 

Gas flowing into, out of, and around galaxies plays a key role in shaping how their properties evolve over cosmic time. The mechanisms driving these behaviors are poorly understood, largely because we lack detailed knowledge of fundamental gas properties across multiple scales and phases. Tackling these issues necessarily requires a multi-wavelength approach. Fortunately, the southern hemisphere hosts the most comprehensive suite of observational facilities available for tackling this topic, in the form of the ESO, ALMA, the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) precursors (MWA, ASKAP and MeerKAT), and very soon, the SKA-Mid and SKA-Low telescopes.

This conference is supported and sponsored by both ESO and the SKA as it supports the joint science of both facilities that will be dominant in astronomy in the coming decade. It brings together astronomers from optical/IR, FIR/submm, radio, and theory domains, with the common interest of understanding the evolving role of gas in galaxies over cosmic time using ESO and SKA facilities.

 

The workshop will focus on understanding the chemical composition and evolution of young star and planet-forming systems, leveraging recent advancements in observational techniques from facilities like ALMA, NOEMA, VLA and JWST. Key questions include how molecular content evolves and influences exoplanet chemistry. The workshop aims to explore current knowledge and limitations, foster collaboration, and provide insights into future observational advancements with upcoming ESO facilities and new instruments.

 

Join ESO for a special conference to celebrate Bruno Leibundgut’s 65th birthday and to unveil a value of the Hubble constant.

 

Variability in young stellar objects (YSOs) has long been observed, both photometrically and spectroscopically, across a range of amplitudes and timescales (hours, days, and years). This variability happens at the time of formation of stars and planets, two closely linked events. With new results from recent and ongoing observational studies, it is a perfect time to bring together experts in this field to address the open questions on YSO variability.

 

The intricate physics governing galaxy evolution, from inflows and outflows to star formation-driven turbulence and stellar feedback, operate on small scales, often just a few parsec. For years, such detailed resolution was achievable only for the Milky Way and its immediate satellites. However, recent advancements driven by major investments for ESO facilities, including ALMA and the VLT, along with synergetic instruments such as the HST, JWST, SITELLE, VLA, and MeerKAT, have triggered a scientific revolution. In response to these exciting advancements, ESO is pleased to announce a workshop dedicated to exploring the latest developments in resolved galaxy properties and evolution. This workshop will bring together leading experts to discuss recent scientific findings and prepare for future breakthroughs in the field.