PESSTO erwischt eine Supernova in Messier 74
Dieses Bild von Messier 74, einer überwältigend schönen Spiralgalaxie mit klar definierten, verzwirbelten Armen, ist im Rahmen der PESSTO-Durchmusterung der ESO entstanden. Das eigentliche Motiv des Bildes ist allerdings eine aktuelle Himmelserscheinung vom späten Juli 2013: die Typ II-Supernova mit dem Namen SN2013ej, die als hellster Stern am unteren linken Rand des Bildes sichtbar ist.
Solche Supernovae entstehen, wenn der Kern eines massereichen Stern aufgrund seiner Eigengravitation am Ende seiner Lebenszeit kollabiert. Dieser Kollaps erzeugt eine gewaltige Explosion, die Material weit in Raum hinausschleudert. Das dazugehörige Aufleuchten kann heller sein als die komplette Galaxie, in der der Stern beheimatet ist, und kann über Wochen oder sogar Monate hinweg beobachtet werden.
PESSTO (Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects oder “allgemeine spektroskopische Durchmusterung der ESO für kurzzeitig auftretende Ereignisse”) wurde entwickelt, um Objekte zu beobachten, die nur für eine kurze Zeit am Nachthimmel sichtbar sind, etwa wie Supernovae. Dafür werden verschiedene Instrumente am NTT, dem New Technology Telescope, eingesetzt, das am La-Silla-Observatorium der ESO beheimatet ist.
SN2013ej ist bereits die dritte Supernova, die in Messier 74 seit dem Beginn des Jahrtausends beobachtet wurde, die anderen zwei waren SN2002ap und SN2003gd. Sie wurde erstmals am 25. Juli 2013 vom KAIT-Telescope-Team in Kalifornien gemeldet. Die früheste Aufnahme des Ereignisses, die aber erst nachträglich gemeldet wurde, stammt von dem Amateurastronomen Christiano Feliciano, der in den Tagen und Stunden vor der Explosion diese >Himmelsregion anvisierte, und wurde mit der öffentlich zugänglichen SLOOH Space Camera gemacht.
Messier 74 im Sternbild Fische ist für Hobbyastronomen wegen seiner geringen Flächenhelligkeit eines der am schwierigsten zu beobachtenden Messierobjekte, aber SN2013ej sollte für sorgfältig arbeitende Amateure während der nächsten Wochen als lichtschwacher und verblassender Stern beobachtbar sein.
Links
Herkunftsnachweis:ESO/PESSTO/S. Smartt
Über das Bild
| ID: | potw1335a |
| Sprache: | de |
| Typ: | Beobachtung |
| Veröffentlichungsdatum: | 2. September 2013 10:00 |
| Größe: | 980 x 985 px |
Über das Objekt
| Name: | Messier 74, SN 2013ej |
| Typ: | Local Universe : Star : Evolutionary Stage : Supernova Local Universe : Galaxy : Type : Spiral |
| Entfernung: | 30 Million Lichtjahre |
| Constellation: | Pisces |
Bildschirm-Hintergrundbilder
Koordinaten
| Position (RA): | 1 36 41.85 |
| Position (Dec): | 15° 47' 0.27" |
| Field of view: | 3.95 x 3.97 arcminutes |
| Orientierung: | Die Nordrichtung liegt 0.0° links zur Vertikale |
Farben & Filter
| Spektralbereich | Wellenlänge | Teleskop |
|---|---|---|
| Optisch B | 440 nm | New Technology Telescope EFOSC |
| Optisch V | 548 nm | New Technology Telescope EFOSC |
| Optisch R | 640 nm | New Technology Telescope EFOSC |
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