Asteroseismology of stellar populations in the Milky Way The Milky Way provides a unique opportunity to study in detail how a giant spiral galaxy is assembled and how it evolves. Our current understanding of Galactic formation and evolution is severely hampered by a lack of precise observations of basic stellar properties such as distances, masses, and ages. GAIA will shortly overcome current limitations associated with estimating distances to stars, however, accurate age determination of individual field stars will still be a major obstacle to our understanding the Milky Way. Asteroseismology provides the way forward. Average seismic constraints now available for thousands of G-K giants with CoRoT and Kepler make possible the accurate and precise determination of stellar radii and masses. We argue that G-K giants showing solar-like oscillations represent a new class of accurate distance indicators. Thanks to CoRoT and Kepler observations we can now map the position of thousands of stars in different regions of the Milky Way. Moreover, since the ages of stars on the red-giant branch are primarily a function of their mass, the availability of seismic constraints makes G-K giants precise age indicators. To improve the accuracy of age estimates thorough tests of stellar models need to be carried out. I will discuss how a combination of seismic and spectroscopic constraints can help in this respect.